[寫作] 戴爾美語練功坊 全民英檢假設語氣(12/20)
戴爾美語練功坊 全民英檢假設語氣(12/20)
未來可能與假設語氣的翻譯
條件子句的表達可分為兩種, 一為未來可能; 二為與事實相反的假設,
不論中文將If譯為如果,假如. 假設, 或要是, 都應由文意判斷是未來可能
發生的句子, 或是與現在/過去事實相反的假設.
當條件句為未來可能發生的事, 若發生機率高, 則用以下句型表達:
If + S + V現在式 +..., S + will/ can + V原型
例: 要是明天放睛，我們將在公園野餐。
If it clears up/ is fine tomorrow, we will go on a picnic at the park.
當條件句為未來可能發生的事, 若發生機率低, 則用以下句型表達:
If + S + should (萬一)+ V原型 +..., S + will/ can /would / could + V原型
例: 萬一你有經過超市，請買一打雞蛋(後句為祈使句)。
If you should pass by / drop by / stop by the supermarket, please buy a dozen eggs.
本句可進一步化簡成省略if的句型:
Should (萬一)+ S +V原型 +..., S + will/ can /would / could + V原型
Should you pass by / drop by / stop by the supermarket, please buy a dozen eggs.
第二類與事實相反的假設可進一步分為與現在事實相反或與過去事實
相反的假設.與現在事實相反的句型為
If + S + Ved / were + .... , S + should / would / could / might + V原型
If + it were not for + N , S + should / would / could / might + V原型
例: 如果我有翅膀，我就馬上飛向妳。
If I had wings, I would fly to you now.
例: 假如我媽媽還活著， 現在該是九十歲了。
If my mom were still alive, she would be ninety now.
例: 要不是他生病，他明天就可以跟我們一起去日本旅行。
If he were not ill, he would be able to travel to Japan with us tomorrow.
與過去事實相反的句型為
If + S + had Vp.p. + .... , S + should / would / could / might + have + Vp.p.
If + it had not been for + N , S + should / would / could / might + have + Vp.p.
例: 要是我今早沒睡過頭， 我上學就不會遲到。
If I had not overslept this morning, I would not have been late for school.
例: 要不是你一直煩我，我早已完成我的家庭作業。
If you had not kept annoying me, I would have finished my homework.
假設語氣中有一種句型是條件句及主要句各與現在及過去事實相反，
算是一種混合題型.
例:
要是錢能買得到一切(與現在事實相反)，我早就得到真愛(與過去事實相反)。
If money could buy everything, I would have gotten true love.
例:
要是去年我夠有錢的話(與過去事實相反)，我早就買下
那棟房子(與過去事實相反)，而我現在將是很有錢的人(與現在事實相反)。
If I had had enough money last year, I would have bought that house,
and I would be a rich man now.
另外, 有些句子的中文雖沒有如果或假如等字眼, 但文意若是假設語氣,
仍必須用假設語氣表達.
例: 即使山姆當時一文不名， 她也會嫁給他。
本句條件句為與過去事實相反的句子，意指當時情況若有不同, 結局仍是一樣.
Even if Sam had been penniless, she would still marry him.
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