[文法] 英語論壇裡，網友回文中", that"的用法
大家好，請問一下
這個文法討論串http://0rz.tw/W0ocs，我節錄一下內容：
網友sitifan（也就是版上的perspicuity大）
1. The death rate of cancer has been dropping for decades.
2. The death rate of cancer has dropped for decades.
Which of the above sentences is correct?
網友emsr2d2
Of those two, only the first is correct. However, I'd use "The number of
deaths from cancer has been falling for decades". If you really want to keep
"The death rate" then follow it with "from cancer".
網友kadioguy（這是我）
Hi,
Why is only the first correct?
What difference between the first and the second?
thanks.
網友Charlie Bernstein
I like the first one better. It's more natural. It makes clear that the rate
is continuing to drop, that the drop in cancer is ongoing.
The second doesn't seem ungrammatical to me, though, and in this situation
would mean the same thing.
Though the second doesn't strike me as wrong or bad, I'd definitely use the
first.
網友kadioguy
Thank you!
I have a question. Do you mean "It makes clear that the rate is continuing to
drop, and that the drop in cancer is ongoing." ?
Because I don't understand why "It makes clear that the rate is continuing to
drop" is followed by ", that... ."
-------------
其實我想問的就是這句：
It makes clear that the rate is continuing to drop, that the drop in cancer
is ongoing.
因為" It makes clear that the rate is continuing to drop "看起來已經完整的句子
了，後面似乎沒有空間再放", that..."這個形容詞子句（而且不是說關係代名詞that前
面不用逗號？）我就想會不會", that..."其實是", and that..."，也就是和前面的"
that the rate is continuing to drop "是並列關係？
但奇怪的是，後來就沒人回應我這個問題了。Charlie Bernstein後來有回應這個討論串
裡的另一個問題：因為誤他把逗號寫成句號。然而卻沒回應我的提問。
想請教，是這個問題太簡單，沒有回的必要？還是我寫得不夠有禮貌之類的？
謝謝！
--
※ 發信站: 批踢踢實業坊(ptt.cc), 來自: 1.169.77.1
※ 文章網址: https://www.ptt.cc/bbs/Eng-Class/M.1488672466.A.546.html
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感謝！
我知道這個問題並不是那個討論串的重點，但純粹想釐清心中的疑問，
畢竟是不是「並列」用法我也沒把握。
版上先進們對於英文該怎麼寫、怎麼理解，心中自然都有一把尺。然而敝人的程度
不像各位那麼好，因此習慣只要看到有疑惑的地方就會提出，免得讓自己有所誤解。
如果您願意解答在下的問題，由衷感謝。若這種方式您覺得不認同，我十分抱歉，
也請多多海涵。
---------
PS 原來是我對逗點的認識不夠完整，參考：
http://htmfiles.englishhome.org/grammar/comma.htm
使用逗點來分開對等或同位形容詞 (coordinated adjectives)。
你可以將此視為 "That tall, distinguished, good looking fellow" 的規則
(相對於 "the little old lady")。
如果你可以在兩個以上的形容詞之間放入 and 或 but，那麼各該位置通常
是可以加逗點的位置。例如，你可以說 "He is a tall and distinguished fellow." 或
"I live in a very old and run-down house."
所以，你可以這樣寫："He is a tall, distinguished man." 及 "I live in a very
old, run-down house." 但你不能這樣說 : "She is a little and old lady." 或
"I live in a little and purple house."
是故，little 與 old 之間或 little 與 purple 之間不可加逗點。
--------
英文原版 http://grammar.ccc.commnet.edu/grammar/commas.htm
※ 編輯: scju (1.169.77.1), 03/05/2017 15:29:07
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感謝D大！
考慮第二個", that..."為形容詞子句，是我還沒確定那是並列用法時的想法。
但其實這思路也有問題，因為"the drop in cancer is ongoing"已經是完整的子句，
that 根本沒位置可以「放回去」。
至於第一個that確實是名詞子句當真主詞，it為虛主詞。
不過經D大這樣一說，我再回去看那個PS的內容，它說的真的是「同位『形容詞』」...，
那這樣是否可以套用在並列性質的「名詞」子句上？
可是不這樣解，好像也沒有其他解法了。
就把這逗號認定為代替連接詞吧。如此一來，後面那個", that..."就等於"and that..."
換句話說，後面的that和前面的that是並列關係，都是It makes clear的真主詞。
當然，這也就是D大您說的「同位語」了。
----
後來發現，D大說的同位語和我認為的並列關係又好像有一點點不同。D大指的應該是
, that the drop in cancer is ongoing同位於that the rate is continuing to drop
也就是後面那個名詞（子句）補充說明前面那個名詞（子句）。
類似這樣的概念：I'm your classmate, Patty.
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※ 編輯: scju (111.248.146.96), 03/06/2017 12:34:50
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