Poiseuille's Law: A Historical Background
http://math.arizona.edu/~maw1999/blood/poiseuille/history.htm
In 1846, Jean Louis Poiseuille published a paper on the experimental research
of the motion of liquids in small diameter tubes. Poiseuille was a physician
who had been trained in physics and mathematics. He was interested in the
forces that affected the flow of blood in the smaller blood vessels of the
body. He performed his experiments in capillary-sized glass tubes with
water--at the time, the non-existence of anti-coagulants prevented the use of
blood. Using compressed air, Poiseuille forced water through the tubes and
measured the resulting flow.
By varying the amount of pressure applied and the diameter of the tube,
Poiseuille measured the effects on the amount of fluid flowing. As a result
of these experiments, he learned that the rate at which fluid passes through
the tube increases proportionately to the pressure applied as well as being
proportional to the fourth power of the diameter or the tube. However, this
experimental result did not give the constant of proportionality. A few years
later, two scientists established the exact relationship. Because of his
initial pioneering work, this relationship is named Poiseuille's Law.
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