[字彙] 作模擬試題的時候碰到的問題（二）

看板GRE (GRE入學考試)作者keikoYAMADA (KathyKurious)時間15年前 (2010/09/04 11:00)推噓2(2推 0噓 4→)

留言6則, 5人參與討論串1/1

字彙也碰到一些疑惑，大家一起討論吧～:) Viruses, infectious particles consisting of nucleic acid packaged in a protein coat (the cased), are difficult to resist. Unable to reproduce outside a living cell, viruses reproduce only by subverting the genetic mechanisms of a host cell. In one kind of viral life cycle the virus first binds to the cell's surface then penetrates the cell and sheds it's eased. The exposed viral nucleic acid produces new viruses from the contents of the cell. Finally, the cell releases the viral progeny, and a new cell cycle of infection begins. The human body responds to a viral infection by producing antibodies: complex, highly specific proteins that selectively bind to foreign molecules such as viruses. An antibody can either interfere with a virus' ability to penetrate a cell, or can prevent it from releasing its nucleic acid. Unfortunately, the common cold, produced most often by rhinoviruses, is intractable to antiviral defense. Humans have difficulty resisting colds because rhinoviruses are so diverse including at least 100 strains. The strains differ most in the molecular structure of the proteins in their capsids. Since disease-fighting antibodies bind to the cased, an antibody developed to protect against one rhinovirus strain is useless against other strains. Different antibodies must be produced for each strain. A defense against rhinoviruses might nonetheless succeed by exploiting hidden similarities among the rhinovirus strains. For example most rhinovirus strains bind to the same kind of molecule (delta-receptors) on a cell's surface when they attack human cells. Colonna, taking advantage of these common receptors, devised a strategy for blocking the attachment of rhinoviruses to their appropriate receptors. Rather than fruitlessly searching for an antibody that would bind to all rhinoviruses. Colonna realized that an antibody binding to the common receptors of a human cell would prevent rhinoviruses from initiating an infection. Because human ceils normally do not develop antibodies to components of their own cells. Colonna injected human cells into mice, which did produce an antibody to the common receptor. In isolated human cells, this antibody proved to be extraordinarily effective at thwarting the rhinovirus. Moreover, when the antibody was given to chimpanzees, it inhibited rhinoviral growth, and in humans it lessened both the severity and duration of cold symptoms. Another possible defense against rhinoviruses was proposed by Rossman, who described rhinoviruses' detailed molecular structure. Rossman showed that protein sequences common to all rhinovirus strains lie at the base of a deep "canyon" scoring each face of the cased. The narrow opening of this canyon possibly prevents the relatively large antibody molecules from binding to the common sequence, but smaller molecules might reach it. Among these smaller, no antibody molecules, some might bind to the common sequence, lock the nucleic acid in its coat, and thereby prevent the virus from reproducing. 1. It can be inferred from the passage that the protien sequences of the capsid that vary most among strains of rhinovirus are those (A) at the base of the "canyon" (B) outside of the "canyon" (C) responsible for producing nuleic acid (D) responsible for preventing the formation of delta-receptors (E) preventing the capsid from releasing its neleic acid 2. According to the passage, Rossman's research suggests that (A) a defense against rhinoviruses might exploit structural similarities among the strains of rhinovirus (B) human cells normally do not develop antibodie to components of their own cells (C) the various strains of rhinovirus differ in their ability to build the surface of a host cell (D) rhinovirus versatility can work to benefit of researchers trying to find a useful antibody (E) Colonno's research findings are probably invalid 下面這題反義答對率只有7% >________________< 1. EXTENUATING: (A) opposing (B) severe (C) intractable (D) aggravating (E) internal 填空 1. That many of the important laws of science were discovered during experiments designated to __________ other phenomena suggests that experimental results are the __________ of inevitable natural forces rather than of planning. (A) analyze. . foundations (B) disprove. .predecessors (C) alter. .adjuncts (D) illuminate. .consequence (E) verify. .essence 2. Although in eighteenth-century England an active cultural life accompanied the begginings of middle- class consumerism, the __________ of literacy was __________ with the rise of such consumerism in the different areas of the country. (A) repudiation. .reconciled (B) renewal. .inconsistant (C) promotion. .combined (D) spread. .competible (E) degree. .uncorrelated 類比 1. GUST : WIND :: (A) rapids : river (B) blizzard : snowstorm (C) cloudburst : rainfall (D) mist : fog (E) surf : sea 呼！打完這篇文章就好累了！因為我是把題目用手機相機拍起來～再慢慢打上來，眼睛花了>_____< 謝謝大家，一同切磋囉:) -- 原PO是女的李燦森。 -- ※ 發信站: 批踢踢實業坊(ptt.cc) ◆ From: 123.193.13.183