[字彙] 減輕 vs. 加劇 (惡化) (2)
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| 減輕 (-) | 加劇 (+) |
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| assuage (v) | exacerbate (v) |
| allay (v) | aggravate (v) |
| appease (v) | deteriorate (v) |
| abate (v) | |
| placate (v) | |
| alleviate (v) | |
| mitigate (v) | |
| ameliorate (v) | |
| mollify (v) | |
| pacify (v) | |
| soothe (v) | |
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※ 減輕、改善 ※
以下三字可用 "a + 連續子音" (同化作用) 形象去記。
assuage (v) 緩和 (痛苦)
(MW) to lessen the intensity of (something that pains or distresses):
EASE <unable to assuage their grief>
[例] Mandy often used food to assuage her loneliness, a habit that led
to her problem with obesity (肥胖).
allay (v) 減輕
(MW) to subdue or reduce in intensity or severity: ALLEVIATE <expect
a breeze to allay the heat>
appease (v) 使平息 (常用於外交政策)
(MW) PACIFY, CONCILIATE especially: to buy off (收買) (an aggressor)
by concessions usually at the sacrifice of principles
[解] 用peace去記，"平息" 後才有和平。
以下五字可以 "動詞結尾 -ate" 形象去記。
abate (v) 減輕
(MW) to reduce in degree or intensity: MODERATE <may abate their
rancor to win peace>
[源] ad- (to) + bat- (beat) + e (動尾)，朝…猛打使其減弱。
[例] After blowing fiercely for hours, the hurricane winds at last
began to abate.
[解] 常見的動詞結尾有 -y, -e, -t (用 yet 來記)。
placate (v) 緩和
(MW) to soothe or mollify especially by concessions (讓步): APPEASE
[源] plac- (flat) + -ate (動尾)，使 "平" 息。
[例] The waitress tried to placate her angry patron by offering him
a free meal.
alleviate (v) 減輕
(MW) RELIEVE, LESSEN: as to make (as suffering) more bearable
<her sympathy alleviated his distress>
mitigate (v) 使緩和
(MW) to make less severe or painful: ALLEVIATE
[例] Emergency funds are being provided to help mitigate the effects
of the disaster.
ameliorate (v) 改善 (= improve)
(MW) to make better or more tolerable
[源] melior (拉丁文better)
以下兩字可以 "動詞結尾 -fy" 形象去記：
mollify (v) 使平息
(MW) to soothe in temper or disposition: APPEASE <mollified the staff
with a raise>
[例] The experienced referees attempted to mollify the angry players
before a fight broke out.
pacify (v) 緩和 (情緒)
(MW) to allay the anger or agitation of: SOOTHE <pacify a crying child>
最後一字分開記：
soothe (v) 舒緩
(MW) to please by or as if by attention or concern: PLACATE
[記] 用tooth去記，牙痛需要舒緩。
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※ 加劇、惡化 ※
exacerbate (v) 惡化 (= worsen)
(MW) to make more violent, bitter, or severe <the proposed shutdown
… would exacerbate unemployment problems>
[源] ex (thoroughly) + acerb- (sharp) + e (動詞尾)
[例] The terrorist attacks exacerbated the already strained relations
between the two countries.
[解] 兩國關係或病情惡化可用此字。注意和 exasperate (v) to excite the
anger of: ENRAGE "激怒"
aggravate (v) 惡化
(MW) to make worse, more serious, or more severe: intensify
unpleasantly <problems have been aggravated by neglect>
[源] ad- (to) + grave (heavy)，"惡化" 是讓問題更沉重。
deteriorate (v) 惡化
(MW) to become impaired in quality, functioning, or condition:
DEGENERATE <allowed a tradition of academic excellence to
deteriorate> <his health deteriorated>
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◆ From: 114.32.236.172
※ 編輯: sovereignty 來自: 114.32.236.172 (05/25 02:18)
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