[分享] 托福閱讀答題技巧～細節題‧Part 2

看板TOEFL_iBT (TOEFL_iBT托福)作者liamasso時間11年前 (2015/04/14 15:47)推噓1(1推 0噓 0→)

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大家好，我是字神帝國的助教：）前幾天分享了「細節題‧Part 1」的答題技巧，不知道大家有沒有開始練習呢？今天助教要接續說明細節題的各項分類解題技巧囉！上一篇細節題概述說到，文章段落的考點是轉折>因果>比較級>方向。當定位到後答案沒有呼之欲出時，同學趕快用關鍵字來輔助定位，找到答案。這篇先來看關鍵字與轉折和因果相關的題型。一樣，答案裡黃色反底是錯誤資訊、文章裡如藍色反底是關鍵字、綠色反底是定位字 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- B.細節題定位後用關鍵字來解 (最重要的細節題技巧)，如： <表轉折> EX1 Much of the potential for European economic development lay in what at first glance (第一眼都是不重要的) would seem to have been only sleepy villages. Such villages, however, generally lay in regions of relatively advanced agricultural production, allowing not only the survival of peasants but also the accumulation of an agricultural surplus for investment. They had access to urban merchants, markets, and trade routes. What was one reason villages had such great economic potential? (A) Villages were located in regions where agricultural production was relatively advanced. (B) Villages were relatively small in population and size compared with urban areas. 原文無此比較 (C) Some village dwellers made investments in industrial development.原文無此說 (D) Village inhabitants established markets within their villages. 原文是established access to markets. 解析：如果原文裡出現once, old, at first glance, used to這些字，表示都是以前的看法觀點，通常都不是考點。這題用關鍵字however後面的話否定掉前面一開始的觀點，記住，轉折後面表作者真正看法，在段落裡常會考。 EX2 Savannas typically experience a rather extended dry season. One theory behind savanna formation is that wet forest species are unable to resist the dry season, and thus savanna, rather than rain forest, is favored on the site. Savannas experience an annual rainfall of between 1000 and 2000 millimeters, most of it falling in a five-to-eight month wet season. Though plenty of rain may fall on a savanna during the year, for at least part of the year little does, creating the drought stress ultimately favoring grasses. Such conditions prevail throughout much of northern South America and Cuba, but many Central American savannas as well as coastal areas of Brazil and the island of Trinidad do not fit this pattern. In these areas, rainfall per month exceeds that in the above definition, so other elements must contribute to savanna formation. The author mentions savannas in Central America, Brazil, and the island of Trinidad in order to (A) argue that these savannas are similar to those in South America and Cuba 與原文相反 (B) point out exceptions to the pattern of savanna formation in areas with drought stress (C) provide additional examples of savannas in areas with five- to eight-month wet seasons 離定位字太遠了，且也不是提供更多支持。 (D) indicate areas where savannas are being gradually replaced by rain forests 原文無此訊息解析：題目問為何要講到這些細節(Central America…)，定位後，看到關鍵字but，表示 but後面的資訊一定是反駁或與前面相反的訊息。的確，前面講了一個狀況，舉了南美和古巴的例子，接著後面說中美洲和巴西等不適用前述情形。故答案為B中舉出前述情形例外的事物。 EX3 In the face of all these pushes, people in the Mesa Verde area had yet another reason to move into communal villages: the need for greater cooperation. Sharing and cooperation were almost certainly part of early Puebloan life, even for people living in largely independent single-household residences scattered across the landscape. Archaeologists find that even the most isolated residences during the eleventh and twelfth centuries acquired some pottery, and probably food, from some distance away, while major ceremonial events were opportunities for sharing food and crafts. Scholars believe that this cooperation allowed people to contend with a patchy environment in which precipitation and other resources varied across the landscape: if you produce a lot of food one year, you might trade it for pottery made by a distant ally who is having difficulty with crops—and the next year, the flow of goods might go in the opposite direction. But all of this appears to have changed thirteenth century. Although the climate remained as unpredictable as ever between one year and the next, it became much less locally diverse. In a bad year for farming, everyone was equally influenced. No longer was it helpful to share widely. Instead, the most sensible thing would be for neighbors to combine efforts to produce as much food as possible, and thus aggregated towns were a sensible arrangement. This paragraph supports which of the following statements about cooperation among the people in the Mesa Verde area from the eleventh through the thirteenth century? (A) Cooperation allowed many households to give up farming and to specialize in making pottery and crafts. 原文無此訊息 (B) People went from exchanging food and crafts they individually produced to sharing in a cooperative effort to produce as much food as possible. (C) Overtime there was less cooperation as farmers competed with each other for trade with distant areas. 少合作的時候他們是以物易物，並沒有互相競爭。 (D) Individuals stopped cooperating with each other because they did not have enough food for themselves. 與原文相反解析：題目問這段落關於阿那薩吉人在11~13世紀的合作支持下面哪一個選項。先優先讀段首第一句核心主旨(G)，發現在說他們村落化的另一個原因是需要合作。接下來講了很多在11~12世紀合作的細節(S)，不重要，速讀到第一個轉折關鍵字but，發現在13世紀時一切將有所改變，甚麼改變呢? 考點即將出現。下一個轉折關鍵字 instead出現，發現以前以物易物的方式不再有用，而現在最明智的做法就是同胞間的極力合作來生產食物，道出了本段關於合作演變最關鍵的訊息，答案選B。 <表因果> EX１ There was much dispute on the relative efficiencies of different types of waterwheels. The period from about 1650 until 1800 saw some excellent scientific and technical investigations of different designs. They revealed output powers ranging from about 1 horsepower to perhaps 60 for the largest wheels and confirmed that for maximum efficiency, the water should pass across the blades as smoothly as possible and fall away with minimum speed, having given up almost all of its kinetic energy. (They also proved that, in principle, the overshot wheel, a type of wheel in which an overhead stream of water powers the wheel, should win the efficiency competition.) Which of the following was discovered as a result of scientific and technical investigations of waterpower conducted between 1650 and 1800? (A) Some types of small waterwheel can produce as much horsepower as the very largest wheels. (B) Waterwheels operate more efficiently when water falls away from their blades slowly than when water falls away quickly. (C) Waterwheel efficiency can be enhanced by increasing the amount of kinetic energy water contains as it passes over a waterwheel’s blades. 原文是Give up almost all of its kinetic energy (D) Unlike other types of waterwheels, the overshot wheel is capable of producing more than 60 horsepower units of energy. 原文是1~60 HP 解析：題目問結果(result)，定位後優先往後找答案，定位那句沒有甚麼結果或發現，只有說有很多不同的設計，問結果總要知道甚麼樣的設計或產生甚麼結果，於是再讀下一句，有關鍵字confirm(證實)表結果，答案B選項就是confirm後面句子的內容句意 EX2 One way to estimate how all the various processes leading to climate variability will combine is by using computer models of the global climate. They can do only so much to display the full complexity of the global climate and hence may give only limited information about natural variability. Studies suggest that to date the variability in computer simulations is considerably smaller than in data obtained from the proxy records. Which of the following is true of computer models of the global climate? (A) The information they produce is still limited. (B) They are currently most useful in understanding past climatic behaviors. (C) They allow researchers to interpret the data obtained from proxy records. (D) They do not provide information about regional climates. 解析：定位後，沒有答案，繼續往下讀，看到表結果關鍵字hence，考點出現，對到正確答案A。其他三個選項內容均為錯誤訊息。 EX3 Waterlogged soils occur in areas that are flat or have poor drainage. These soils usually contain large amounts of clay and easily become water-saturated. Air cannot penetrate between the soil particles, making the soil oxygen-poor. By contrast, dry soils are sandy and porous, their coarse textures allowing water to drain rapidly. Sandy soils are prone to the leaching of nutrients and minerals and so tend to be nutritionally poor. Though most savannas are found on sites with poor soils (because of either moisture conditions or nutrient levels of both), poor soils can and do support lush rain forest. Which of the following is true of waterlogged soils? (A) Their upper layers are usually sandy and porous. 那是dry soil (B) They cannot support savannas. 無此訊息 (C) They contain little oxygen. (D) They are prone to the leaching of nutrients and minerals. 那是sandy soil 解析：中間的By contrast是一個分水嶺，後面講得就不是waterlogged soil，讀前三行關於waterlogged soil的資訊就好。這邊的making前面是原因，後面表結果。如第一篇概述所說，所有表結果的資訊在細節題中都很重要，潛在考點。與此資訊符合的C選項。以上，是Part 2的全部內容，希望對大家有幫助喲：）下次會再分享更多細節題的答題技巧喲^^ TOEFL學習團托福JJ情報資源、問題探討、考試情報交流 http://ppt.cc/MqsR GMAT學習團每月GMAT數學、閱讀、邏輯機經整理、問題探討、考試情報交流 http://ppt.cc/_p5h GRE學習團 GRE機經整理、情報資源、問題探討、考試情報交流 http://ppt.cc/Oyof -- -- ※ 發信站: 批踢踢實業坊(ptt.cc), 來自: 220.135.2.166 ※ 文章網址: https://www.ptt.cc/bbs/TOEFL_iBT/M.1428997648.A.162.html ※ 編輯: liamasso (220.135.2.166), 04/14/2015 15:51:33 ※ 編輯: liamasso (220.135.2.166), 04/14/2015 17:00:14 ※ 編輯: liamasso (220.135.2.166), 04/14/2015 17:00:31