Re: Surviving From Earthquake已刪文

看板EngTalk (全英文聊天)作者roadmanjia (路人甲)時間16年前 (2009/10/06 23:13)推噓0(0推 0噓 0→)

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very interesting read, i am sure some of the content will come in useful when there is one coming in the short future~ ※ 引述《dhyc777 (dhyc777)》之銘言： : This is an article on how to save yourself in an earthquake, : hope it's useful to you all... : Below is the link to the Chinese-translated text: : http://www.360doc.com/content/080514/12/39972_1258691.html : Surviving From Earthquake : My name is Doug Copp. I am the Rescue Chief and Disaster Manager of the : American Rescue Team International (ARTI), the world′s most experienced : rescue team. The information in this article will save lives in an : earthquake. : I have crawled inside 875 collapsed buildings, worked with rescue teams : from 60 countries, founded rescue teams in several countries, and I am a : member of many rescue teams from many countries. I was the United Nations : expert in Disaster Mitigation (UNX051 -UNIENET) for two years. I have : worked at every major disaster in the world since 1985, except for : simultaneous disasters. : In 1996 we made a film which proved my survival methodology to be correct. : The Turkish Federal Government, City of Istanbul, University of Istanbul, : Case Productions and ARTI cooperated to film this practical, scientific : test. : We collapsed a school and a home with 20 mannequins inside. Ten mannequins : did "duck and cover," and ten mannequins I used in my "triangle of life" : survival method. : After the simulated earthquake collapse we crawled through the rubble and : entered the building to film and document the results. : The film, in which I practiced my survival techniques under directly : observable, scientific conditions, relevant to building collapse, showed : there would have been zero percent survival for those doing duck and cover. : There would likely have been 100 % survivability for people using my method : of the "triangle of life." This film has been seen by millions of viewers : on television in Turkey and the rest of Europe, and it was seen in the USA, : Canada and Latin America on the TV program Real TV. : The first building I ever crawled inside of was a school in Mexico City : during the 1985 earthquake. Every child was under their desk. Every child : was crushed to the thickness of their bones. They could have survived by : lying down next to their desks in the aisles. It was obscene, unnecessary : and I wondered why the children were not in the aisles. I didn′t at the : time know that the children were told to hide under something. : Simply stated, when buildings collapse, the weight of the ceilings falling : upon the objects or furniture inside crushes these objects, leaving a space : or void next to them. This space is what I call the "triangle of life". The : larger the object, the stronger, the less it will compact. The less the : object compacts, the larger the void, the greater the probability that the : person who is using this void for safety will not be injured. : The next time you watch collapsed buildings, on television, count the : "triangles" you see formed. They are everywhere. It is the most common : shape, you will see, in a collapsed building. They are everywhere. I : trained the Fire Department of Trujillo (population 750,000) in how to : survive, take care of their families, and to rescue others in earthquakes. : The chief of rescue in the Trujillo Fire Department is a professor at : Trujillo University. He accompanied me everywhere. He gave personal : testimony: "My name is Roberto Rosales. I am Chief of Rescue in Trujillo. : When I was 11 years old, I was trapped inside of a collapsed building. My : entrapment occurred during the earthquake of 1972 that killed 70,000 : people. I survived in the "triangle of life" that existed next to my : brother′s motorcycle. My friends who got under the bed and under desks were : crushed to death [he gives more details, names, addresses etc.]...I am the : living example of the "triangle of life". My dead friends are the example : of "duck and cover". : Tips from Doug Copp: : 1) Everyone who simply "ducks and covers" WHEN BUILDINGS COLLAPSE is : crushed to death -- Every time, without exception. People who get under : objects, like desks or cars, are always crush. : 2) Cats, dogs and babies all naturally often curl up in the fetal : position. You should too in an earthquake. It is a natural : safety/survival instinct. You can survive in a smaller void. : Get next to an object, next to a sofa, next to a large bulky object : that will compress slightly but leave a void next to it. : 3) Wooden buildings are the safest type of construction to be in : during an earthquake. The reason is simple: the wood is flexible and : moves with the force of the earthquake. If the wooden building does : collapse, large survival voids are created. Also, the wooden building : has less concentrated, crushing weight. Brick buildings will break into : individual bricks. Bricks will cause many injuries but less squashed : bodies than concrete slabs. : 4) If you are in bed during the night and an earthquake occurs, : simply roll off the bed. A safe void will exist around the bed. : 5) If an earthquake happens while you are watching television and : you cannot easily escape by getting out the door or window, then lie : down and curl up in the fetal position next to a sofa, or large chair. : 6) Everybody who gets under a doorway when buildings collapse is : killed. How? If you stand under a doorway and the door jam falls forward : or backward you will be crushed by the ceiling above. If the door jam : falls sideways you will be cut in half by the doorway. In either case, : you will be killed! : 7) Never go to the stairs. The stairs have a different "moment of : frequency" (they swing separately from the main part of the building). : The stairs and remainder of the building continuously bump into each : other until structural failure of the stairs takes place. The people who : get on stairs before they fail are chopped up by the stair treads - : horribly mutilated. Even if the building doesn′t collapse, stay away : from the stairs. The stairs are a likely part of the building to be : damaged. Even if the stairs are not collapsed by the earthquake, they : may collapse later when overloaded by fleeing people. They should always : be checked for safety, even when the rest of the building is not damaged. : 8) Get Near the Outer Walls Of Buildings Or Outside Of Them If Possible. : It is much better to be near the outside of the building rather than the : interior. The farther inside you are from the outside perimeter of the : building the greater the probability that your escape route will be blocked. : 9) People inside of their vehicles are crushed when the road above : falls in an earthquake and crushes their vehicles; which is exactly what : happened with the slabs between the decks of the Nimitz Freeway. The : victims of the San Francisco earthquake all stayed inside of their : vehicles. They were all killed. They could have easily survived by : getting out and sitting or lying next to their vehicles, says the : author. Everyone killed would have survived if they had been able to get : out of their cars and sit or lie next to them. All the crushed cars had : voids 3 feet high next to them, except for the cars that had columns : fall directly across them. : 10) I discovered, while crawling inside of collapsed newspaper offices : and other offices with a lot of paper, that paper does not compact. : Large voids are found surrounding stacks of paper. : http://www.amerrescue.org/ -- ※ 發信站: 批踢踢實業坊(ptt.cc) ◆ From: 118.170.40.220