[Talk] four poynting theorems

看板EngTalk (全英文聊天)作者uniserv1002 (uniserv)時間15年前 (2010/12/12 13:52)推噓0(1推 1噓 1→)

留言3則, 3人參與討論串1/1

http://arxiv.org/PS_cache/arxiv/pdf/0908/0908.1721v1.pdf The correct definition of electromagnetic flux has long been controversial, with the main competition being between the Abraham and Minkowski forms. ... We have summarized four distinct electromagnetic continuity equations, each being derived from Maxwell's equations and the standard constitutive relations. -- http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gauge_theory In physics, a gauge theory is a type of field theory in which the Lagrangian is invariant under a continuous group of local transformations. The term gauge refers to redundant degrees of freedom in the Lagrangian. The transformations between possible gauges, called gauge transformations, form a Lie group which is referred to as the symmetry group or the gauge group of the theory. Associated with any Lie group is the Lie algebra of group generators. For each group generator there necessarily arises a corresponding vector field called the gauge field. Gauge fields are included in the Lagrangian to ensure its invariance under the local group transformations. When such a theory is quantized, the quanta of the gauge fields are called gauge bosons. If the symmetry group is non-commutative, the gauge theory is referred to as non-abelian, the usual example being the Yang-Mills theory. -- http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yang%E2%80%93Mills_theory Wolfgang Pauli formulated in 1953 the first consistent generalization of the five-dimensional theory of Kaluza, Klein, Fock and others to a higher dimensional internal space. Because Pauli saw no way to give masses to the gauge bosons, he refrained from publishing his results formally. -- -- ※ 發信站: 批踢踢實業坊(ptt.cc) ◆ From: 114.44.129.205