[-癌-] Pharmaceutical Industry Effluent Dil …
Pharmaceutical Industry Effluent Diluted 1:500 Affects Global Gene Expression,
Cytochrome P4501A Activity and Plasma Phosphate in Fish.
Environ Toxicol Chem. 2009 Jul 17:1. [Epub ahead of print]
Abstract
Patancheru, near Hyderabad, India, is a major production site for the global
bulk drug market. Approximately 90 manufacturers send their wastewater to a
common treatment plant in Patancheru. Extraordinary high levels of a wide
range of pharmaceuticals have recently been demonstrated in the treated
effluent. As little as 0.2% of this effluent can strongly reduce the growth
rate of tadpoles, but the underlying mechanisms of toxicity are not known. To
begin addressing how the effluent affects aquatic vertebrates, rainbow trout
(Oncorhynchus mykiss) were exposed to 0.2% effluent for five days. Several
physiological endpoints, together with effects on global hepatic gene
expression patterns, were analyzed. The exposed fish showed both an induction
of hepatic cytochrome P450 1A (CYP1A) gene expression, as well as enzyme
activity. Clinical blood chemistry analyses revealed an increase in plasma
phosphate levels, which in humans indicates impaired kidney function. Several
oxidative stress-related genes were induced in the livers; however, no
significant changes in antioxidant enzyme activities or in the hepatic
glutathione levels were found. Furthermore, estrogen-regulated genes were
slightly up-regulated following exposure, and moderate levels of estriol were
detected in the effluent. The present study identifies changes in gene
expression triggered by exposure to a high dilution of the effluent,
supporting the hypothesis that these fish are responding to chemical
exposure. The pattern of regulated genes may contribute to the identification
of mechanisms of sub-lethal toxicity, as well as illuminate possible
causative agents.
PMID: 19610678 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
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