Re: [討論] 分詞構句上的問題

看板TOEIC (TOEIC多益)作者tucson (tucson)時間16年前 (2009/09/17 17:50)推噓0(0推 0噓 0→)

留言0則, 0人參與討論串9/10 (看更多)

謝謝指教 ※ 引述《EngLearner (英語客)》之銘言： : ※ 引述《tucson (tucson)》之銘言： : : Sentences & Complex structures by Marcella Frank : : ISBN: 986-77+0-92-8 : : P. 89 : : 其中有提到”分詞片語”也可能同時包含after和because的雙重義務 : : Having eaten too much, he became sleepy. : : 因此此時可加以保留連接詞以免產生意義上的誤解. 但是使用because連接詞時一般正式 : 用法使應該使用子句方式, 少數非正式用法可能有分詞出現. : 表原因的 because 和 as 要不要省略，直接看你所舉的那本書就有答案了。 : 你打錯字了，書上是寫 "雙重意義"。 : 所謂「分詞片語可能同時包含after 和 because 的雙重意義」指的是這句話可以雙重 : 解讀: : After he had eaten too much, he became sleep. : Because he had eaten too much, he became sleep. : 而不是等於你所說的可以保留 "because"。 : 分詞的多重解讀是可能發生的。[1] 所以我們更應警慎區分哪些連接詞可保 : 留。 : 你可以翻到這本書的 90 頁，更可以清楚判斷。 : 在這頁練習，作者寫了: : B. 將下列表示時間與原因的副詞子句改為分詞片語，注意哪一種分詞可以加上時間字詞。 : Example: : a. Because they were impressed by the young man's qoalification, they offered : him a good job with their firm. : Impressed by the young man's qoalification, they offered him a good : job with their firm. : b. While he was walking in the park, he suddenly had a heart attack. : Walking in the park, he suddenly had a heart attack. : (also While walking in the park …) : 這個練習是要你(妳)注意哪一種分詞可以加上時間字詞。作者b例句把while保留的方式列 : 出，卻沒有保留 a句的 "because"，這已經很明顯了。 : 有些書列出可以保留的連接詞 [2] [6]。有些更直接說明 : because是不存在於這種句構中 [3] [4] [5]。　 : [1] : Some participial phrases have characteristics of both adverbials and : adjectivals: : Standing near a huge puddle, Jan got thoroughly splashed. : Here the opening verb phrase could be extended into either an adjectival who clause (Jan, who was standing near a huge puddle, got thoroughly splashed) or an adverbial while clause (While she was standing near a huge puddle, Jan got thoroughly splashed). The sentence would be correctly analyzed either way. : (Martha Kolln ,Understanding English Grammar, 8th ed., pp. 154) : [2] : -ing clauses can be used after many conjunctions and prepositions. They are : common with after, before, since, when, while, on, without, instead of : and as. Note that -ing forms after prepositions can often be considered as : either participles or gerunds-the dividing line is not clear. : . : . : . : She struck me as being very nervy kind of person. : (Michael Swan, Practical English Usage, 3rd ed., pp.384) : 這裡的 "as"很明顯是講介系詞，不是你說的表原因。 : [3] : We can also reduce adverbial clauses construction containing because, since, : and as to -ing phrases. Again, the subject in the main clause must be the : same as the subject in the adverbial clause. : . : . : . : These reduced clauses do not include the adverbial. That is, it is : not possible to say "Because taking the bus, we saved a lot of money." : (Jan Frodsen and Janet Eyring, Grammar Dimensions, 4th ed., pp.304) : [4] : We can also form reduced adverbial clauses by using subordinating conjunctions : such as before and as if with a present participle. : Before you leave, switch off all the lights. : Before leaving, switch off all the lights. : He stood there, as if he was waiting for someone. : He stood there, as if waiting for someone. : Note that because is not used in this way. : (Not He stood there, because waiting for someone.) : (George Yule, Oxford Practice Grammar Advanced, pp.205) : [5] : (f) Because she needed some money to buy a book, Sue cashed a check. : (g) Needing some money to buy a book, Sue cashed a check. : (h) Because he lacked the necessary qualifications, he was not considered : for the job. : (i) Lacking the necessary qualifications, he was not considered for the : job. : Often an -ing phrase at the beginning of a sentence gives the meaning of : "because" (f) and (g) have the same meaning.Because is not included in : a modifying phrase. It is ommitted, but the resulting phrase expresses a : cause and effect relationship, as in (g) and (i). : ( Betty Schrampfer Azar,Understanding and Using English Grammar , 3rd ed., pp. 376) : [6] : Not all conjunctions and prepositions are able to function as introducers of : non-finite dependent clauses. Those that can do so form a subset of the total : class of each. : Subset of conjunctions : when Take extra time when driving at night. : while (time) While talking, he jotted everything down on a pad. : while (concession) While agreeing basically with your proposal, : we would nevertheless suggest certain : amendments. : though Though feeling unwell, she made an effort to : appear cheerful. : if If travelling abroad, watch out for pickpockets. : (Angela Downing and Philip Locke, English Grammar: A University Course, 2nd ed., pp.296) : 如果文法書不是唯一真理，你說的話更不是唯一真理。身為英語學習者，不能只 : 憑自己錯誤的解讀就妄下斷論，要多去參考比較，不然各說各話，「見仁見智」的結果 : ，只會造成亂用。英文既是國際語言，除了本身母語人士使用 (美國、英國、澳洲、 : 紐西蘭、南非、愛爾蘭、加拿大)，還有其他非母語人士使用，也因此產生ㄧ些差異。 : 要平衡差異，非文法很難做到。而ㄧ般人認為的狹義文法就是一堆規則，其實不然。 : 廣義的文法絕不侷限於死的規則，它包含文化、意識形態、心理層面、說話藝術等。 : 廣義文法會隨時空而改變，但也有一定的準則，等到相當人數的母語人士開始改變使用 : 習慣後，也在重要的報章雜誌出現後，才會逐漸受到廣泛接受。所以不要再邊緣化文法 : ，它不是憑你ㄧ個人的力量可以撼動的。 -- 嘉義免費Toeic試聽 http://www.wretch.cc/blog/alclctw 免費Toeic視訊 http://www.youtube.com/user/allinternet#grid/uploads -- ※ 發信站: 批踢踢實業坊(ptt.cc) ◆ From: 219.85.32.207