Re: [文法] 分詞中的主動與被動?
※ 引述《vieri21 (維耶里)》之銘言:
: 大家好,最近在學文法中的分詞構句,現在分詞有主動意味、過去分詞有被動
: 1.The dog sat there with his tongue hanging out.
: 2.He stood in front of us with his arms folded.
: 例句1中,為何是用hanging,不是用被動?例句二中的arms是he他的其中一個部位
: 如果用被動的話,那tongue也是dog中的一個部位,但為何是用ing形式
: 3.He was sitting in the chair with his eyes closed.
: 4.He got out of the car with the engine running.
: 我連3、4句中何時用主與被動都搞混了~
: 謝謝大家
這個句型是 with + O(受詞) + OC(受詞補語)的用法
如果你用分詞主動被動的概念去分析,並不能涵蓋"補語"這個用法
因為補語可以是V-ing, PP, 形容詞,看你是要用甚麼來補充說明受詞
第一題 with + his tongue(受詞) + hanging out(補語)
後面的hanging out(垂下)用來補充說明舌頭,至於為何不用PP
那你就要去查hang用法,當它當不及物動詞時,表是懸,掛,吊,垂下時
用法是東西當主詞,動詞是主動的,所以原句是 His tougue was hanging out.
所以當補語時當然是用hanging
第二題
也是with + his arms(受詞) + folded(補語)
同上一題的道理,要了解為何要用folded,當然是要查一下fold的用法
He folded his arms.= His arms were folded by him.
前面的受詞是arms,當然補語就用folded了
第三題
第三題是已經考爛的題目了
open 和 close都可以當動詞用,但是
開的形容詞是 open開的,關的形容詞是 closed關的
close當形容詞是親密的
所以門開著要用with the door open(形容詞當補語)
關著要用with the door closed也是用形容詞當補語
第四題
with the engine running ,這裡V-ing來當補語
查一下run的用法,原句是The engine is running.(運轉)
run表是機器運轉是用主動,所以答案寫running
最喜歡考她頭髮在風中飄之類的 with her hair blowing in the wind
也是一樣道理,其他關於補語的用法,也是用這個方式去判斷就正確了!
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