[語文] PP1-RC
Question #57. 549-06 (23940-!-item-!-188;#058&000549-06)
Many people believe that because wages are lower in developing countries than
in developed countries, competition from developing countries in goods traded
internationally will soon eliminate large numbers of jobs in developed
countries. Currently, developed countries' advanced technology results in
higher productivity, which accounts for their higher wages. Advanced
technology is being transferred ever more speedily across borders, but even
with the latest technology, productivity and wages in developing countries
will remain lower than in developed countries for many years because
developed countries have better infrastructure and better-educated workers.
When productivity in a developing country does catch up, experience suggests
that wages there will rise. Some individual firms in developing countries
have raised their productivity but kept their wages (which are influenced by
average productivity in the country's economy) low. However, in a developing
country's economy as a whole, productivity improvements in goods traded
internationally are likely to cause an increase in wages. Furthermore, if
wages are not allowed to rise, the value of the country's currency will
appreciate, which (from the developed countries' point of view) is the
equivalent of increased wages in the developing country. And although in the
past a few countries have deliberately kept their currencies undervalued,
that is now much harder to do in a world where capital moves more freely.
The passage suggests that if the movement of capital in the world were
restricted, which of the following would be likely?
(A) Advanced technology could move more quickly from developed countries to
developing countries.
(B) Developed countries could compete more effectively for jobs with
developing countries.
(C) A country's average wages could increase without significantly increasing
the sophistication of its technology or the value of its currency.
(D) A country's productivity could increase without significantly increasing
the value of its currency.
(E) Workers could obtain higher wages by increasing their productivity.
我知道ABE都錯，但是不懂為什麼答案是D...
Question #25. 147-01 (22404-!-item-!-188;#058&000147-01)
In terrestrial environments, gravity places special demands on the
cardiovascular systems of animals. Gravitational pressure can cause blood to
pool in the lower regions of the body, making it difficult to circulate blood
to critical organs such as the brain. Terrestrial snakes, in particular,
exhibit adaptations that aid in circulating blood against the force of
gravity.
The problem confronting terrestrial snakes is best illustrated by what
happens to sea snakes when removed from their supportive medium. Because the
vertical pressure gradients within the blood vessels are counteracted by
similar pressure gradients in the surrounding water, the distribution of
blood throughout the body of sea snakes remains about the same regardless of
their orientation in space, provided they remain in the ocean. When removed
from the water and tilted at various angles with the head up, however, blood
pressure at their midpoint drops significantly, and at brain level falls to
zero. That many terrestrial snakes in similar spatial orientations do not
experience this kind of circulatory failure suggests that certain adaptations
enable them to regulate blood pressure more effectively in those orientations.
One such adaptation is the closer proximity of the terrestrial snake's heart
to its head, which helps to ensure circulation to the brain, regardless of
the snake's orientation in space. The heart of sea snakes can be located
near the middle of the body, a position that minimizes the work entailed in
circulating blood to both extremities. In arboreal snakes, however, which
dwell in trees and often assume a vertical posture, the average distance from
the heart to the head can be as little as 15 percent of overall body length.
Such a location requires that blood circulated to the tail of the snake
travel a greater distance back to the heart, a problem solved by another
adaptation. When climbing, arboreal snakes often pause momentarily to wiggle
their bodies, causing waves of muscle contraction that advance from the lower
torso to head. By compressing the veins and forcing blood forward, these
contractions apparently improve the flow of venous blood returning to the
heart.
The passage provides information in support of which of the following
assertions?
(A) The disadvantages of an adaptation to a particular feature of an
environment often outweigh the advantages of such an adaptation.
(B) An organism's reaction to being placed in an environment to which it is
not well adapted can sometimes illustrate the problems that have been solved
by the adaptations of organisms indigenous to that environment.
(C) The effectiveness of an organism's adaptation to a particular feature of
its environment can only be evaluated by examining the effectiveness with
which organisms of other species have adapted to a similar feature of a
different environment.
(D) Organisms of the same species that inhabit strikingly different
environments will often adapt in remarkably similar ways to the few features
of those environments that are common.
(E) Different species of organisms living in the same environment will seldom
adapt to features of that environment in the same way.
這題我覺得文章比選項容易瞭解...
答案是C...why??
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