Re: [字彙] 不同醫生職業的叫法

看板GRE (GRE入學考試)作者sovereignty (請大家加入 IEEE)時間17年前 (2008/12/01 02:29)推噓6(6推 0噓 2→)

留言8則, 4人參與討論串2/3 (看更多)

醫學生的幸福在於背專業學科的名稱時，就能學到大量的字根字首，讓我們一起分享這樣的快樂，順便認識必要的醫學單字。 1. adolescent (青少年) vs. adult (成人) ad + ol + esc + ent => 青少年是逐漸成長的人 ^^ ^^ ^^^ ^^^ to grow become 名尾 ad + ul + t => 成人已經成長的人 (grown-up 裡用完成式) ^^ ^^ ^ to grow 表人 (如詩人 poet) 2. AIDS/HIV 複習一下 acronym (頭字語)。 AIDS = Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (後天免疫不全症候群) ^ ^ ^ ^ HIV = Human Immunodeficiency Virus (人類免疫不全病毒) ^ ^ ^ 還記得 SARS 嗎？那段蒐集台大乖寶寶章的日子:) SARS = Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (嚴重急性呼吸道症候群) ^ ^ ^ ^ 3. anesthesiology (麻醉學) an + esthes + i + o + log + y => not feel 失去知覺 => 麻醉 ^^ ^^^^^^ ^ ^ ^^^ ^ not feel SE SE study 名尾看到 -logy 就知道「...學」，這很容易。更常見要記的字是 anethetics (n) 麻醉藥。-ics 結尾在醫學上就是「藥劑」，另外也可以當作「學問」(同 -logy)，如電子學 electronics。觸類旁通，esthes 表 feel 可記美學 esthetics。美是從感覺來的，不是嗎？(我們又再次複習了 -ics 的用法，對吧) 另外 esthes 的開頭 e 也可拼成 ae，因為以前的 ae 是一個字母，拼字上不要被混淆了。 4. asthma (氣喘) / allergy (過敏) / immunology (免疫學) asthma 在希臘文就是喘 (pant, 不是褲子XD) 的意思。 all + erg + y => 過敏是一種「奇怪的反應」 ^^^ ^^^ ^ other, strange work, activity 名尾 al 作 other 解 => altruism (n) 利他主義。和自己不一樣的是陌生的、奇怪的，所以外國人、外星人叫 alien。 erg 用「耳格」來記，耳格是功 (work) 的單位，一耳格 = 10 的 -7 次方焦耳。 im + mun + o + logy => 不給你，所以你沒有 => 免疫 ^^ ^^^ ^ ^^^^ not give SE 學問 mun 作 give 在記一個 GRE 單字 => munificent (a) 慷慨的。其中 fic 從 fac (make) 來的，常常去做 (make) 給 (give) 這個動作不就是「慷慨」嗎？ ※ 先寫到這，我媽逼我去睡覺了 = = (待補，這篇應該要寫很久XD) ※ 引述《cedileon (新華書店)》之銘言： : Asthma, Allergy & Immunology: The study and treatment of the body's reaction : to foreign substances. The ailments treated by immunologists include hay : fever, asthma, hives and other abnormal responses to allergens that range : from dust and food to animals and chemicals.過敏治療學 : Breast-Cancer Surgery: Surgeons specializing in cancer of the breast are : skilled in a number of surgical options, ranging from mastectomies to sentinel : -node biopsies. They also work with a multidisciplinary team that may include : oncologists, radiologists, pharmacists and others to determine the best : strategy for follow-up treatment and care. 乳腺癌手術 : Cardiac Surgery: Highly trained and certified cardiac surgeons correct and : repair multiple heart conditions, including coronary artery disease and : congenital heart disease. Many cardiac surgeons specialize in minimally invasive : surgeries that are performed through a small incision and require less recovery : time and improve patient safety and comfort.心臟病手術 : Cardiology: The study of the heart. Cardiologists often specialize in a particular : area, but collectively they diagnose and treat patients suffering from diseases : of the heart, lungs and blood vessels; perform heart surgeries; and educate : patients on preventing heart problems and living a heart-healthy lifestyle : .心臟病學 : Colorectal Surgery: The treatment of diseases of the intestinal tract, anus : and rectum through surgery. Colorectal surgeons not only operate to remove : malignancies, they strongly encourage the testing that can lead to early : detection. If caught early, colorectal cancer can be cured. Colorectal surgeons : also deal with hemorrhoids, polyps and other ailments.結直腸手術 : Critical Care: Emergency departments and special-care units offer the services : of highly trained physicians and nurses to provide minute-to-minute care : to critically ill patients and patients whose lives are in danger.重症護理 : Dermatology: The medical field devoted to the study and treatment of disorders : and diseases of the skin. Dermatologists help patients deal with a range : of concerns, from warts to acne to skin cancers.皮膚病學 : Diabetes: Specialists in this field of medicine provide education in diabetes : management, along with other tools to help patients take control of their : diabetes and prevent it from interfering with active, healthy lives.糖尿病醫師 : Emergency Medicine: Emergency medicine specialists provide urgently needed : treatment for injured and ill patients to prevent a worsening of the condition : , disability or death. This treatment and care usually takes place in a hospital : emergency room.搶救醫師 : Endocrinology: This branch of medicine focuses on the body’s “ductless” : glands and how they function. Endocrinologists are concerned with the thyroid : , pituitary and adrenal glands, among others, as well as nutritional disorders : , sexual disorders, and problems such as diabetes and hypertension.內分泌病學 : Epilepsy: Neurologists specializing in this field of care help patients living : with epilepsy and other seizure disorders live full and active lives. Treatment : can involve surgery or medications, or can be a combination of both.癲癇科醫師 : Family Practice: Family practice physicians provide comprehensive medical : care with an emphasis on caring for all members of the family. Family practice : builds upon a core of knowledge derived from other disciplines, primarily : pediatrics, internal medicine, OB/GYN, geriatrics, surgery and psychiatry : . The family practitioner plays the role of personal physician.家庭醫師 : Gastroenterology: The study and treatment of conditions of the digestive : system. A gastroenterologist diagnoses and treats disorders of the stomach : , intestines, bowels and other structures, such as the liver, gall bladder : , pancreas and esophagus. Gastroenterologists focus on maladies that include : ulcers, jaundice, hepatitis and cancer.胃腸病學 : General Surgery: The study and practice of all types of surgical operations : . General surgeons perform a number of procedures aimed at treating a range : of diseases and conditions, including cancer, appendicitis, tonsillitis : and hernia.常見病學 : Geriatrics: The study of aging and the treatment of problems in the elderly : . Geriatric-care specialists consider a range of illnesses and conditions : as they specifically affect the aged. These physicians frequently address : the psychological and social aspects of aging, in addition to the physical : aspects.老年病學 : Gynecologic Oncology: The study, diagnosis and treatment of tumors and cancers : in the female reproductive system, including breast care.婦科腫瘤學 : Gynecology: The study and care of the female reproductive system, including : breast care. Gynecologists provide routine care for women and treat a full : spectrum of illnesses that particularly affect women.婦產科 : Hand Surgery: Surgeons in this specialty are trained to diagnose and repair : damaged and injured hands. The conditions they treat range from carpal tunnel : syndrome to sport-related injuries and the reattachment of severed fingers : .手外傷治療師 : Head and Neck Surgery: Surgeons who are trained in head and neck surgery : generally have subspecialties in areas that include otology (diseases of : the ear), rhinology (diseases of the nose) and/or laryngology (diseases of : the throat and larynx).頭頸手術師 : Headache: Neurologists who specialize in treating victims of chronic headaches : and migraines and offer their patients multiple treatment options, including : the latest medications, physical therapy, biofeedback and psychological : counseling.間歇性頭痛治療師 : Hematology: The medical specialty concerned with blood and the blood system : . A hematologist treats blood diseases such as cancer, lymphoma, serious : anemia and sickle cell disease.血液病學 : Infectious Diseases: Diseases, often communicable, that are caused by the : growth of various microorganisms, including bacteria and viruses. A specialist : in infectious diseases diagnoses and treats patients affected by illnesses : ranging from pneumonia to salmonella to AIDS.傳染病 : Infertility Medicine: A field of treatment and research aimed at helping : individuals and couples who want children but are having fertility problems : or are otherwise having trouble conceiving. Procedures might include artificial : insemination or in vitro fertilization, where an egg is removed from a woman : ’s ovary, fertilized in a lab and then placed in the woman’s uterus.不孕症病學 : Internal Medicine: A broad-based medical field in which physicians rely on : their knowledge of major organs to diagnose and treat patients. Internists : treat a variety of afflictions, from colds and heart problems to infectious : diseases. Internists often serve as a patient's primary doctor, coordinating : all that person's health care.內科 : Midwife (CNM): A certified nurse midwife (CNM) is a registered nurse who : has completed an advanced course of study and is certified by the American : College of Nurse-Midwives. A midwife is trained to care for women during : pregnancy, labor and the postnatal period; conduct normal deliveries; and : to care for newborn babies under normal circumstances.新生兒孕婦看護 : Movement Disorders: Neurologists specializing in movement disorders are trained : to diagnose and treat conditions of the nerves and muscles that may prevent : such simple functions as walking across a room with ease or drinking a glass : of water without spilling. These disorders include tremors, Parkinson’s : disease, Huntington’s chorea and Tourrette’s syndrome.運動障礙 : Neonatology: A field of medicine devoted to the care and treatment of infants : up to six weeks old. Neonatologists concentrate on the full spectrum of : medical problems that can affect newborn babies.新生兒護理學 : Nephrology: The study and care of the kidneys and urinary system. Nephrologists : treat kidney disorders, diabetes, renal failure and other illnesses. Treatments : can range from dialysis to kidney transplants.腎病學 : Neurology: The study and treatment of diseases of the nervous system. A neurologist : assists patients who have stroke complications, head injuries, epilepsy, : Alzheimer's disease, and other afflictions of the brain and spinal cord. : 神經系統疾病學 : Neuro-ophthalmology: Specialists in this branch of medicine offer the experience : and the resources to help people with brain-related visual problems --as : well as eye-movement problems --find hope for improved eyesight. Therapies : range from botulinum toxin injection to nonsurgical treatment for facial : spasms and excessive blinking.神經性眼病學 : Neurosurgery: Neurosurgeons specialize in surgically treating diseases and : disorders of the nervous system. The nervous system consists of the brain : and the spinal cord (central nervous system), along with the nerves of the : brain and spinal cord (peripheral nervous system).神經外科 : Nuclear Medicine: A specialty that uses radioactive substances and sophisticated : diagnostic equipment to determine a variety of conditions and diseases. : The equipment used in nuclear medicine -- including MRI (magnetic resonance : imaging) and PET (positron emission tomography) --reveals the inner workings : of the body and its organs.放射科學 : Obstetrics and Gynecology (OB/GYN): OB/GYN is the field of medicine devoted : to conditions specific to women. Obstetrics is the care of a woman during : pregnancy and during and after childbirth. Gynecology is the study and care : of the female reproductive system. An OB/GYN specialist combines these two : disciplines to provide comprehensive care for women.婦產科 : Oncology --Medical: Medical oncologists are specialists in using various : medications to treat and manage patients with cancer. This includes the : use of chemotherapy to kill cancer cells, painkillers to manage cancer pain : , and drugs that will eliminate or reduce the side effects of cancer treatment : .腫瘤病學 : Oncology --Radiation: Radiation oncology is the field of medicine that uses : therapeutic applications of radiation to manage cancer and other diseases : . Radiation oncologists determine the type of radiation that will be used : , as well as the amount or dose, and the number and length of treatments. : 放射腫瘤科 : Ophthalmology: The medical specialty devoted to care of the eye and the treatment : of diseases that affect eyes and vision. An ophthalmologist diagnoses and : treats abnormalities of the eye and performs surgery on the eye. Ophthalmologists : are medical doctors and are different from optometrists (who test vision : and prescribe corrective lenses) and opticians (who make or sell corrective : eyewear).眼病科 : Oral/Maxillofacial Surgery: The branch of dentistry that focuses on the diagnosis : and surgical treatment of diseases, injuries and deformities of the teeth : , mouth and jaw. An oral surgeon removes wisdom teeth, repairs broken jaws : and treats a range of other conditions. Specialists in this field are also : called dental surgeons.口腔醫學也可做stomatological : Orthopedic Surgery: The medical field concerned with the prevention and correction : of muscular or skeletal injuries and abnormalities. Orthopedic surgeons : treat complex conditions and injuries as well as broken bones, severe muscle : sprains, and knee and other joint injuries. They also perform joint replacements : .肌肉骨骼治療 : Otolaryngology (ENT): A division of medical science that focuses on the ears : , nose and throat (ENT). Otolaryngologists diagnose and treat disorders from : the shoulders up, with the exception of the eyes and brain. Conditions they : may deal with include hearing loss, tonsillitis and nasal obstructions. : 耳鼻喉科 : Otology: An otologist is a specialist in the anatomy and structure of the : ear, and how to treat diseases of the ear.耳科 : Pain Management: Physicians and other pain experts choose from an extensive : series of diagnostic tests to precisely identify the source of a patient : ’s pain. Treatment and management possibilities are wide ranging and include : physical therapy, behavioral therapy, biofeedback and pain-relieving devices : that are implanted under the skin.傷痛管理 : Pathology: The study of the nature and causes of disease. A pathologist examines : body tissues to diagnose of diseases, and to determine the cause of various : conditions, including death. There are several subspecialties in pathology : , including chemical pathology, forensic pathology, hematology pathology : and neuropathology.病理學 : Pediatrics: The field of medicine dedicated to the care of infants, children : and teenagers. Doctors in this field are called pediatricians. They are : often the first doctors children see, and they concentrate on preventing : illness and treating children for a variety of conditions, including sore : throats, earaches and infectious diseases.兒科 : Pediatric Specialties: Usually, a family physician or pediatrician will address : the health problems of children. However, when there is a serious illness : or injury, a child may need care from a pediatric specialist --a physician : with advanced training and expertise in a particular area of medicine. Board : -certified pediatric specialists provide medical services in areas ranging : from cardiology and infectious diseases to neurology, orthopedics and surgery : .兒科專家 : Perinatology: A branch of medicine dealing with medical and biological issues : that affect the birth of a child. Perinatology combines obstetrics, gynecology : and neonatology, and includes treatment of a fetus or a newborn and the : mother.新生兒學 : Physiatry: A physiatrist is a physician who specializes in physical medicine : , which is the curing of injuries and disease by natural methods. Measures : that are used include physical therapy, massage, exercise, light and heat : .理療師注意和Phusician區別 : Physical Rehabilitation: Physicians and therapists who specialize in physical : rehabilitation help patients who’ve had a stroke or serious injury return : to home, work or school. The goal of therapy is to restore lost function : through hands-on treatment, exercise and patient education.運動功能恢復師 : Plastic/Reconstructive Surgery: The repair, restoration or reconstruction : of different parts of the body. Plastic and reconstructive surgeons not : only perform elective cosmetic surgery to improve appearance, they also repair : and reconstruct the facial features and bodies of patients with conditions : caused by burns, injuries, diseases and congenital deformities.義肢手術 : Podiatry: The study, prevention and treatment of problems of the foot. A : podiatrist may prescribe corrective devices and medication, or recommend : physical therapy. Podiatrists attend colleges of podiatric medicine and graduates : are doctors of podiatric medicine (DPM). Podiatrits with advanced training : also do various types of foot surgery.腳腿病醫師 : Prostate Care: Cancer or other conditions affecting the prostate may be treated : by surgeons, cancer specialists and/or urologists using a wide range of : therapies. Depending on the specific problem, a course of treatment can involve : everything from surgery and medications to high-dose radiation.前列腺護理 : Psychiatry: The diagnosis, treatment and prevention of mental, emotional : and behavioral disorders. Psychiatrists are physicians who prescribe appropriate : medication and do therapy to treat of a variety of conditions, from depression : to schizophrenia.心理咨詢師 : Psychology: Psychologists deal with mental processes --both normal and abnormal : --and their effects upon human behavior. Psychologists typically have a : doctorate degree, but are not medical doctors and do not prescribe medications : .心理學 : Pulmonary Medicine: The field of medicine devoted to the study and treatment : of diseases of the respiratory system. Pulmonary specialists --called pulmonologists : --treat pneumonia, bronchitis, emphysema, asthma, cancer and other disorders : of the lungs and respiratory system.肺病醫療respiratory呼吸系統 : Radiology: The use of radioactive equipment, including X-ray machines, to : diagnose and treat diseases and injuries. Specialists in this field are : called radiologists.放射治療化療chemotherapy : Rheumatology: The study and care of the joints and the muscular and skeletal : systems. Rheumatologists treat a range of conditions, from athletic injuries : to arthritis, lupus and rheumatic fever.風濕病學 : Sleep Disorders: The field of medicine devoted to the study and treatment : of disruptions in sleeping patterns. Specialists in this field work with : patients to overcome such conditions as insomnia, narcolepsy and sleep apnea : .睡眠學 insomnia失眠 narcolepsy嗜睡 sleep apnea睡眠呼吸障礙 : Sports Medicine: The field of medicine devoted to athletic injuries. Doctors : specializing in sports medicine help patients prevent and recover from a : range of injuries -- from sprained knees and back strains to broken bones : and torn ligaments --suffered while engaging in sports activities. Many : sports medicine doctors also help design athletic training equipment and : training methods.運動健康學 : Thoracic Surgery: The study and practice of surgery on the chest cavity and : rib cage, including the heart, lungs and esophagus. Thoracic surgeons treat : patients with lung cancer, coronary diseases, aneurysms and heart diseases : .胸外科 : Transplant: Surgeons specializing in organ transplants take a multidisciplinary : approach to surgery and follow-up care that addresses all of patient’s : physical and psychological needs. Patients receive an extensive orientation : prior to transplantation, which can involved the kidneys, liver, heart and : other organs.器官移植 : Urology: The study and treatment of the male and female urinary tracts and : the male genital tract. Urologists diagnose and treat disorders of the urinary : tract, prostate and bladder.泌尿科bladder 膀胱 : Vascular Surgery: The focus is on surgical solutions to diseases of the body : ’s blood vessels, including the heart and lymph systems. Vascular surgeons : treat patients for lymphatic diseases, strokes, aneurysms, varicose veins : and other conditions.循環系統手術vascular 血管的 -- ※ 發信站: 批踢踢實業坊(ptt.cc) ◆ From: 218.211.239.101