[新聞] 牛津 Covid-19 疫苗有 70% 保護力
1.原文連結： https://www.bbc.com/news/health-55040635
※過長無法點擊者必須縮網址
2.原文內容：
Covid-19: Oxford University vaccine shows 70% protection
The coronavirus vaccine developed by the University of Oxford
stops 70% of people developing Covid symptoms, a large scale trial
shows.
It is both a triumph and a disappointment after vaccines by Pfizer
and Moderna showed 95% protection.
However, the Oxford jab is far cheaper, and is easier to store and
get to every corner of the world than the other two.
So it will still play a significant role in tackling the pandemic,
if it is approved by regulators.
There is also intriguing data that suggests perfecting the dose
could increase protection up to 90%.
The Oxford researchers have performed the normally decade-long
process of developing a vaccine in around 10 months.
"The announcement today takes us another step closer to the time
when we can use vaccines to bring an end to the devastation caused
by [the virus]," said the vaccine's architect Prof Sarah Gilbert.
The UK government has pre-ordered 100 million doses of the Oxford
vaccine, enough to immunise 50 million people.
What did the trial show?
More than 20,000 volunteers were involved, half in the UK, the
rest in Brazil.
There were 30 cases of Covid in people who had two doses of the
vaccine and 101 cases in people who received a dummy injection.
The researchers said it works out at 70% protection.
When volunteers were given two "high" doses the protection was
62%, but this rose to 90% when people were given a "low" dose
followed by a high one. It's not clear why there is a difference.
"We're really pleased with these results," Prof Andrew Pollard,
the trial's lead investigator, told the BBC.
He said the 90% effectiveness data was "intriguing" and would mean
"we would have a lot more doses to distribute."
When will I get it?
In the UK there are four million doses ready to go, with another
96 million to be delivered.
But nothing can happen until the vaccine has been approved by
regulators who will assess the vaccine's safety, effectiveness,
and that it is manufactured to high standard. This process will
happen in the coming weeks.
However, the UK is ready to press the go button on an
unprecedented mass immunisation campaign that dwarfs either the
annual flu or childhood vaccination programmes.
Care home residents and staff will be first in the queue, followed
by healthcare workers and the over-85s. The plan is to then work
the way down the age groups.
How does it work?
The vaccine is a genetically modified common cold virus that used
to infect chimpanzees.
It has been altered to stop it causing an infection in people and
to carry the blueprints for part of the coronavirus, known as the
spike protein.
Once these blueprints are inside the body they start the producing
the coronavirus' spike protein, which the immune system
recognizes as a threat and tries to squash it.
When the immune system comes into contact with the virus for real,
it now knows what to do.
Are the results disappointing?
After Pfizer and Moderna both produced vaccines delivering 95%
protection from Covid-19, a figure of 70% is relatively
disappointing.
However, anything above 50% would have been considered a triumph
just a month ago.
This vaccine can also be stored at fridge temperature, which means
it can be distributed to every corner of the world, unlike the
Pfizer/BioNTech and Moderna vaccines, which need to be stored at
much colder temperatures.
3.心得/評論：
※必需填寫滿20字
共20000人參與實驗，打兩劑疫苗中有30人得到武漢肺炎，
打安慰劑的有101人得到。雖然結果沒有比 Pfizer, Moderna 還好，
但是研究團隊說他們的疫苗成本較低，只需要冷藏保存就好。
https://bit.ly/2UToDRK
These preliminary data indicate that the vaccine is 70.4%
effective, with tests on two different dose regimens showing that
the vaccine was 90% effective if administered at a half dose and
then at a full dose, or 62% effective if administered in two full
doses.
另外官方新聞稿說如果第一劑劑量減半，第二劑正常打有 90% 保護力
如果兩劑都用正常劑量則是 62%
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