哈佛女校長-Drew G. Faust演講 -2008
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標題: [觀點] 哈佛女校長演講 2008
時間: Wed Mar 30 11:33:37 2011
http://j.mp/fic9as
哈佛女校長在畢業典禮上的講話:職業選擇與幸福尋找
Drew G. Faust:哈佛大學現任校長,2007年7月份正式上任,她是哈佛歷
史上第一位女性校長,第一位非哈佛畢業生校長,傑出的歷史學家,2001
年從賓西法尼業大學到哈佛的Radcliffe學院任教。之前的哈佛上一任校長
曾因為公開發表「歧視女性」的言論被迫辭職。以下是Drew G. Faust 在
2008年本科畢業生做的演講的講稿。
Baccalaureate address to Class of 2008
2008屆本科畢業典禮上的講話
Cambridge, Mass.
麻省劍橋市
In the curious custom of this venerable institution, I find
myself standing before you expected to impart words of lasting
wisdom. Here I am in a pulpit, dressed like a Puritan minister —
an apparition that would have horrified many of my
distinguished forebears and perhaps rededicated some of them to
the extirpation of witches. This moment would have propelled
Increase and Cotton into a true 「Mather lather.」 But here I am
and there you are and it is the moment of and for Veritas.
在這所久負盛名的大學的別具一格的儀式上,我站在了你們的面前
,被期待著給予一些蘊含著恆久智慧的言論。站在這個講壇上,我穿得像
個清教徒教長——一個可能會嚇到我的傑出前輩們的怪物,或許使他們中
的一些人重新致力於剷除巫婆的事業上。這個時刻也許曾激勵了很多清教
徒成為教長。但現在,我在上面,你們在下面,此時此刻,屬於真理,為
了真理。
You have been undergraduates for four years. I have been
president for not quite one. You have known three presidents; I
one senior class. Where then lies the voice of experience? Maybe
you should be offering the wisdom. Perhaps our roles could be
reversed and I could, in Harvard Law School style, do cold calls
for the next hour or so.
你們已經在哈佛做了四年的大學生,而我當哈佛校長還不到一年。你
們認識了三個校長,而我只認識了你們這一屆大四的。算起來我哪有資格
說什麼經驗之談?或許應該由你們上來展示一下智慧。要不我們換換位置
?然後我就可以像哈佛法學院的學生那樣,在接下來的一個小時內不時地
冷不防地提出問題。
We all do seem to have made it to this point — more or less in
one piece. Though I recently learned that we have not provided
you with dinner since May 22. I know we need to wean you from
Harvard in a figurative sense. I never knew we took it quite so
literally.
學校和學生們似乎都在努力讓時間來到這一時刻,而且還差不多是步
調一致的。我這兩天才得知哈佛從5月22日開始就不向你們提供伙食了。雖
然有比喻說「我們早晚得給你們斷奶」,但沒想到我們的後勤還真的早早
就把「奶」給斷了。
But let's return to that notion of cold calls for a moment.
Let's imagine this were a baccalaureate service in the form of Q
& A, and you were asking the questions. 「What is the meaning of
life, President Faust? What were these four years at Harvard
for? President Faust, you must have learned something since you
graduated from college exactly 40 years ago?」 (Forty years.
I'll say it out loud since every detail of my life — and
certainly the year of my Bryn Mawr degree — now seems to be
publicly available. But please remember I was young for my
class.)
現在還是讓我們回到我剛才提到的提問題的事上吧。讓我們設想下這
是個哈佛大學給本科生的畢業服務,是以問答的形式。你們將問些問題,
比如:「福校長啊,人生的價值是什麼呢?我們上這大學四年是為了什麼
呢?福校長,你大學畢業到現在的40年裡一定學到些什麼東西可以教給我
們吧?」(40年啊,我就直說了,因為我人生中的每段細節——當然包括
我在布林茅爾女子學院的一年——現在似乎都成了公共資源。但請記住在
哈佛我可是「新生」)
In a way, you have been engaging me in this Q & A for the past
year. On just these questions, although you have phrased them a
bit more narrowly. And I have been trying to figure out how I
might answer and, perhaps more intriguingly, why you were asking.
在某種程度上,在過去的一年裡你們一直都在讓我從事這種問答。從
僅僅這些問題上,即使你們措辭問題都傾向於狹義,而我除了思考怎麼做
出回答外,更激發我去思考的,是你們為什麼問這些問題。
Let me explain. It actually began when I met with the UC just
after my appointment was announced in the winter of 2007. Then
the questions continued when I had lunch at Kirkland House,
dinner at Leverett, when I met with students in my office hours,
even with some recent graduates I encountered abroad. The first
thing you asked me about wasn't the curriculum or advising or
faculty contact or even student space. In fact, it wasn't even
alcohol policy. Instead, you repeatedly asked me: Why are so
many of us going to Wall Street? Why are we going in such
numbers from Harvard to finance, consulting, i-banking?
聽我解釋。提問從 2007年冬天我的任職被公佈時與校方的會面就開始
了。然後提問一直持續,不論是我在Kirkland House(哈佛的12個本科生
宿舍之一)吃午飯還是在Leverett House(哈佛的12個本科生宿舍之一,
本科高年級學生使用)吃晚飯,或是當我在辦公時間與學生會見,甚至是
我在與國外認識的剛考來的研究生的談話中。你們問的第一個問題不是關
於課業,不是讓我提建議,也不是為了和教員接觸,甚至是想向我提建議
。事實上,更不是為了和我討論酒精政策。相反,你們不厭其煩問的卻是
:為什麼我們之中這麼多人將去華爾街?為什麼我們大量的學生都從哈佛
走向了金融,理財諮詢,電子銀行?
There are a number of ways to think about this question and how
to answer it. There is the Willie Sutton approach. You may know
that when he was asked why he robbed banks, he replied, 「
Because that's where the money is.」 Professors Claudia Goldin
and Larry Katz, whom many of you have encountered in your
economics concentration, offer a not dissimilar answer based on
their study of student career choices since the seventies. They
find it notable that, given the very high pecuniary rewards in
finance, many students nonetheless still choose to do something
else. Indeed, 37 of you have signed on with Teach for America;
one of you will dance tango and work in dance therapy in
Argentina; another will be engaged in agricultural development
in Kenya; another, with an honors degree in math, will study
poetry; another will train as a pilot with the USAF; another
will work to combat breast cancer. Numbers of you will go to law
school, medical school, and graduate school. But, consistent
with the pattern Goldin and Katz have documented, a considerable
number of you are selecting finance and consulting. The
Crimson's survey of last year's class reported that 58 percent
of men and 43 percent of women entering the workforce made this
choice. This year, even in challenging economic times, the
figure is 39 percent.
對於這個問題有多種思考和回答方式。有一種解釋就是如Willie
Sutton所說的,一切向「錢」看。(Willie Sutton是個搶銀行犯,被逮住
後當被問到為什麼去搶銀行時,他說:「Because that is where the
money is!」)你們中很多人見過的普通經濟學教授Claudia Goldin 和
Larry Katz,基於對上世紀70年代以來的學生的職業選擇的研究,做出了
差不多的回答。他們發現了值得注意的一點:即使從事金融業可以得到很
高的金錢回報,很多學生仍然選擇做其它的事情。實事上,你們中間有37
人簽到了「教育美國人」(Teach for America,美國的一個組織,其作用
類似於中國的「希望工程」);1人將去跳探戈舞蹈並在阿根廷從事舞蹈療
法;1人將致力於肯尼亞的農業發展;另有1 人獲得了數學的榮譽學位,卻
轉而去研究詩歌;1人將去美國空軍接受飛行員訓練;還有1人將加入到與
乳癌抗戰當中。你們中的很多人將去法學院,醫學院或研究生院。但是,
和Goldin 和Katz教授有據證明的一樣,你們中相當一部分人將選擇金融和
理財諮詢。Crimson對於上屆學生的調查顯示,在就業的學生中,58%的男
生和43% 的女生做出了這個選擇。今年,即使在經濟受挑戰的一年,這個
數據是39%。
High salaries, the all but irresistible recruiting juggernaut,
the reassurance for many of you that you will be in New York
working and living and enjoying life alongside your friends, the
promise of interesting work — there are lots of ways to explain
these choices. For some of you, it is a commitment for only a
year or two in any case. Others believe they will best be able
to do good by first doing well. Yet, you ask me why you are
following this path.
也許是為了高薪——難以抵抗的招聘誘惑,也許是為了留在紐約然後
和朋友們一起工作生活和享受人生,也許是為了做自己感興趣的工作——
對於這些選擇可以有各種各樣的理由。對你們中的一些人,無論如何那也
只是個一兩年的契約。其他的一部分人相信他們只有在過得「富有」了以
後才有可能過得「富有」價值。不過,你們依然會問我,為什麼要走這條
路?
I find myself in some ways less interested in answering your
question than in figuring out why you are posing it. If
Professors Goldin and Katz have it right; if finance is indeed
the 「rational choice,」 why do you keep raising this issue with
me? Why does this seemingly rational choice strike a number of
you as not understandable, as not entirely rational, as in some
sense less a free choice than a compulsion or necessity? Why
does this seem to be troubling so many of you?
我發現我自己有時候對於回答你們的問題並沒有多大興趣,比較而言
更感興趣的卻是捉摸你們為什麼提那些問題。如果果真如Goldin和Katz教
授所說;如果去搞金融確實是一個「理性」的選擇,為什麼你們會不停地
向我提出這類問題?為什麼看似理性的選擇卻讓你們當中相當一部分人認
為是令人費解的,偽理性的,或出於某種需求和強迫所作出的並不自由的
選擇?為什麼這個問題似乎困擾著你們當中的很多一部分人?
You are asking me, I think, about the meaning of life, though
you have posed your question in code — in terms of the
observable and measurable phenomenon of senior career choice
rather than the abstract, unfathomable and almost embarrassing
realm of metaphysics. The Meaning of Life — capital M, capital
L — is a cliché — easier to deal with as the ironic title of
a Monty Python movie or the subject of a Simpsons episode than
as a matter about which one would dare admit to harboring
serious concern.
我想,你們問我的是:關於人生價值的問題。雖然你們問得比較隱晦
——即是些可以觀察和衡量的大四學生職業選擇的問題,而不是那抽象的
,晦澀的,甚至會令人難堪的形而上學範疇的問題。人生價值,要人生?
還是要價值?作為Monty Python那部片子(指的是六人行裡《人生的價值
》那一集)的諷刺意味的片名是不難理解的,作為《辛普森一家》(美國
特別受歡迎的動畫連續劇)的其中一集的主題也是不難理解的,可是當關
係到「生存問題」的時候,就是不那麼好辦了。
But let's for a moment abandon our Harvard savoir faire, our
imperturbability, our pretense of invulnerability, and try to
find the beginnings of some answers to your question.
那讓我們還是暫時摘下那戴著的哈佛面具,收起那缺乏熱情的冷漠,
卸下我們看似刀槍不入的偽裝,讓我們嘗試去探尋你們問的一些問題的答
案。
I think you are worried because you want your lives not just to
be conventionally successful, but to be meaningful, and you are
not sure how those two goals fit together. You are not sure if a
generous starting salary at a prestigious brand name
organization together with the promise of future wealth will
feed your soul.
我覺得,你們之所以擔憂,是因為你們不想僅僅是獲得傳統意義上的
成功,而且要活得有價值。可是你們不清楚「魚」與「熊掌」怎樣才能「
兼得」。你們不清楚是否,一家擁有著名品牌的企業提供的數目可觀的並
且預期著你未來財富的起薪,可以讓你們的靈魂得到滿足。
Why are you worried? Partly it is our fault. We have told you
from the moment you arrived here that you will be the leaders
responsible for the future, that you are the best and the
brightest on whom we will all depend, that you will change the
world. We have burdened you with no small expectations. And you
have already done remarkable things to fulfill them: your
dedication to service demonstrated in your extracurricular
engagements, your concern about the future of the planet
expressed in your vigorous championing of sustainability, your
reinvigoration of American politics through engagement in this
year's presidential contests.
然而,你們為什麼擔憂呢?這部分地是我們的責任。當你們一踏進這
個學校,我們就告訴你們:你們將成為領導未來的中堅人物,你們將成為
美國人民依賴的最頂尖、最傑出的精英,你們將改變整個世界。我們「望
子成龍」的期望使你們背上了負擔。而你們為了實現這些期望也已經做得
很好:在對課外活動的從事中,你們展示出對於服務性工作的奉獻精神;
從對可持續發展的熱情擁護,你們表達出對這個星球的關懷;通過對今年
總統競選的參與,你們做出了希望使美國政治重新恢復活力的實際行動。
But many of you are now wondering how these commitments fit with
a career choice. Is it necessary to decide between remunerative
work and meaningful work? If it were to be either/or, which
would you choose? Is there a way to have both?
但你們中的很多人現在會問,「怎樣才能把做這些有價值的事情和一
個職業選擇結合起來呢?」「是否必須在一份有報酬卻沒價值的工作和一
份有價值卻沒報酬的工作間做出抉擇呢?」「如果是一個單選題,您會選
哪一個?」「有沒有折衷的辦法?」
You are asking me and yourselves fundamental questions about
values, about trying to reconcile potentially competing goods,
about recognizing that it may not be possible to have it all.
You are at a moment of transition that requires making choices.
And selecting one option — a job, a career, a graduate program
— means not selecting others. Every decision means loss as well
as gain — possibilities foregone as well as possibilities
embraced. Your question to me is partly about that — about loss
of roads not taken.
你們在問我,也是問你們自己問題,即關於價值觀的根本性的問題。
你們在試圖調解兩個商品潛在的相互競爭,承認也許不可能兼得兩者。你
們在經歷一次人生的轉折,而這個轉折需要你們自己做出一些決定。選擇
一條道路——一份工作、一項事業或一個研究生課題——不單單是在選擇
東西。每個決定都意味著「得」與「失」——過去與未來的種種可能。你
們問我的問題其實有幾分是關於「失」,即你放棄的那條道路讓你失去了
什麼。
Finance, Wall Street, 「recruiting」 have become the symbol of
this dilemma, representing a set of issues that is much broader
and deeper than just one career path. These are issues that in
one way or another will at some point face you all — as you
graduate from medical school and choose a specialty — family
practice or dermatology, as you decide whether to use your law
degree to work for a corporate firm or as a public defender, as
you decide whether to stay in teaching after your two years with
TFA. You are worried because you want to have both a meaningful
life and a successful one; you know you were educated to make a
difference not just for yourself, for your own comfort and
satisfaction, but for the world around you. And now you have to
figure out the way to make that possible.
金融、華爾街,「招聘」一詞已經成了這種博弈的符號,代表著比僅
僅選擇一條職業道路更廣更深的一系列問題。這些問題早晚將面臨著你們
每個人——如果你是從醫學院畢業,你將選擇一個具體從醫方向——做私
人醫生還是專攻皮膚病,如果你學的是法律,你將決定是用你的法律知識
為一個公司法人賣命還是成為公眾的正義化身,或是在 「教育美國人」兩
年後你決定是否繼續從教。你們之所以擔憂,是因為你們想擁有充滿價值
的同時又是成功的人生;你們知道,你們被教育要有大的作為,不僅僅是
為了個人,為了自己生活地舒適,而是要讓周圍的世界因此而改變。因此
你們才不得不思考怎樣才能讓其成為可能。
I think there is a second reason you are worried — related to
but not entirely distinct from the first. You want to be happy.
You have flocked to courses like 「Positive Psychology」 —
Psych 1504 — and 「The Science of Happiness」 in search of
tips. But how do we find happiness? I can offer one encouraging
answer: get older. Turns out that survey data show older people
— that is, my age — report themselves happier than do younger
ones. But perhaps you don't want to wait.
我認為你們之所以擔憂有第二個原因 ——和第一個有關係但不是完全
一樣。你們希望過得幸福。你們蜂擁著去修「積極心理學」這門課——課
程代號「心1504」——和「幸福的科學」這門課,不就是為了聽點人生「
小貼士」?可是,我們怎樣才能獲得幸福?在這兒,我可以提供一個啟發
性的答案:變老。調查數據顯示年長的人——也就是我這把年紀的人——
覺得自己比年輕人更幸福。不過,很可能你們沒有人願意去等著去看這個
答案。
As I have listened to you talk about the choices ahead of you, I
have heard you articulate your worries about the relationship of
success and happiness — perhaps, more accurately, how to define
success so that it yields and encompasses real happiness, not
just money and prestige. The most remunerative choice, you fear,
may not be the most meaningful and the most satisfying. But you
wonder how you would ever survive as an artist or an actor or a
public servant or a high school teacher? How would you ever
figure out a path by which to make your way in journalism? Would
you ever find a job as an English professor after you finished
who knows how many years of graduate school and dissertation
writing?
在聊天時我聽過你們談到你們目前所面臨的選擇,我聽到你們一字一
句地說出你們對於成功與幸福的關係的憂慮——也許,更精確地講,怎樣
去定義成功才能使它具有或包含真正的幸福,而不僅僅是金錢和榮譽。你
們害怕,報酬最豐厚的選擇,也許不是最有價值的和最令人滿意的選擇。
但是你們也擔心,如果作為一個藝術家或是一個演員,一個人民公僕或是
一個中學老師,該如何才能生存下去?然而,你們可曾想過,如果你的夢
想是新聞業,怎樣才能想出一條通往夢想的道路呢?難道你會在讀了不知
多少年研,寫了不知多少畢業論文終於畢業後,找一個英語教授的工作?
The answer is: you won't know till you try. But if you don't try
to do what you love — whether it is painting or biology or
finance; if you don't pursue what you think will be most
meaningful, you will regret it. Life is long. There is always
time for Plan B. But don't begin with it.
答案是:你不試試就永遠都不會知道。但如果你不試著去做自己熱愛
的事情,不管是玩泥巴還是生物還是金融,如果連你自己都不去追求你認
為最有價值的事,你終將後悔。人生路漫漫,你總有時間去給自己留「後
路」,但可別一開始就走「後路」。
I think of this as my parking space theory of career choice, and
I have been sharing it with students for decades. Don't park 20
blocks from your destination because you think
you'll never find a space. Go where you want to be and then
circle back to where you have to be.
我把這叫做我的關於職業選擇的「泊車」理論,幾十年來我一直都在
向學生們「兜售」我的這個理論。不要因為怕到了目的地找不到停車位而
把車停在距離目的地20個路口的地方。直接到達你想去的地方,哪怕再繞
回來停,你暫時停的地方只是你被迫停的地方。
You may love investment banking or finance or consulting. It
might be just right for you. Or, you might be like the senior I
met at lunch at Kirkland who had just returned from an interview
on the West Coast with a prestigious consulting firm. 「Why am I
doing this?」 she asked. 「I hate flying, I hate hotels, I won't
like this job.」 Find work you love. It is hard to be happy if
you spend more than half your waking hours doing something you
don't.
你也許喜歡做投行,或是做金融抑或做理財諮詢。都可能是適合你的
。那也許真的就是適合你的。或許你也會像我在Kirkland House見到的那
個大四學生一樣,她剛從美國西海岸一家著名理財諮詢公司的面試回來。
「我為什麼要做這個?」她說,「我討厭坐飛機,我討厭住賓館,我是不
會喜歡這份工作的。」找到你熱愛的工作。如果你把你一天中醒著的一大
半時間用來做你不喜歡的事情,你是很難感到幸福的。
But what is ultimately most important here is that you are
asking the question — not just of me but of yourselves. You are
choosing roads and at the same time challenging your own
choices. You have a notion of what you want your life to be and
you are not sure the road you are taking is going to get you
there. This is the best news. And it is also, I hope, to some
degree, our fault. Noticing your life, reflecting upon it,
considering how you can live it well, wondering how you can do
good: These are perhaps the most valuable things that a liberal
arts education has equipped you to do. A liberal education
demands that you live self-consciously. It prepares you to seek
and define the meaning inherent in all you do. It has made you
an analyst and critic of yourself, a person in this way
supremely equipped to take charge of your life and how it
unfolds. It is in this sense that the liberal arts are liberal —
as in liberare — to free. They empower you with the
possibility of exercising agency, of discovering meaning, of
making choices. The surest way to have a meaningful, happy life
is to commit yourself to striving for it. Don't settle. Be
prepared to change routes. Remember the impossible expectations
we have of you, and even as you recognize they are impossible,
remember how important they are as a lodestar guiding you toward
something that matters to you and to the world. The meaning of
your life is for you to make.
但是我在這兒說的最重要的是:你們在問那些問題——不僅是問我,
而是在問你們自己。你們正在選擇人生的道路,同時也在對自己的選擇提
出質疑。你們知道自己想過什麼樣的生活,也知道你們將行的道路不一定
會把你們帶到想去的地方。這樣其實很好。某種程度上,我倒希望這是我
們的錯。我們一直在標榜人生,像鏡子一樣照出未來你們的模樣,思考你
們怎麼可以過得幸福,探索你們怎樣才能去做些對社會有價值的事:這些
也許是文科教育可以給你們「裝備」的最有價值的東西。文科教育要求你
們要活得「明白」。它使你探索和定義你做的每件事情背後的價值。它讓
你成為一個經常分析和反省自己的人。而這樣的人完全能夠掌控自己的人
生或未來。從這個道理上講,文科——照它的字面意思——才使你們自由
。(英語裡文科是Liberal Art,照字面解釋是自由的藝術)學文科可以讓
你有機會去進行理論的實踐,去發現你所做的選擇的價值。想過上有價值
的,幸福的生活,最可靠的途徑就是為了你的目標去奮鬥。不要安於現狀
得過且過。隨時準備著改變人生的道路。記住我們對你們的我覺得是「過
於崇高」的期待,可能你們自己也承認那些期待是有點「太高了」。不過
如果想做些對於你們自己或是這個世界有點價值的事情,記住它們,它們
將會像北極星一樣指引著你們。你們人生的價值將由你們去實現!
I can't wait to see how you all turn out. Do come back, from
time to time, and let us know.
我都等不及想看看你們都最終會如何。畢業以後和學校常聯繫,常回
「家」看看,讓我們瞭解你們的情況。
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人,就是要向前走囉!
過去的讓他風乾,等老了,
咱們一起拿來下酒。
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◆ From: 114.40.11.101
※ 編輯: littlekang1 來自: 114.40.11.101 (04/08 15:09)
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