[請益] 政大語概考古題

看板Linguistics (語言學習)作者jan77129 (五分熟菲力)時間15年前 (2009/12/30 00:34)推噓1(1推 0噓 0→)

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這題已經困擾我很久了... 有請大大們相助! 是政大語言所95年的語概... III. Compare the PP phrases in (1) with those in (2) and come up with a hypothesis as to why only those in (1) can invert. (1) a. A lot of people stood on the stage. b. On the stage stood a lot of people. c. Three missionaries came to the village. d. To the village came three missionaries. (2) a. A lot of people sang on the stage. b. *On the stage sang a lot of people. c. Three missionaries preached to the village. d. *To the village preached three missionaries. 我有想過用X-bar theory 是不是因為(1)的PP都是complement 也就是與verb較近而(2)的都是adjunct而以因此inversion rule只能用在complement上但是那個preached to the village就很頭痛因為adjunct應該是可以拿掉而不影響語意的但查了字典 preach似乎沒有單獨出現的用法? 不然的話就可能是因為(1)裡面的動詞都是有agent"移動"的意思所以可以invert? 這邊我又很想把他narrow down講說在(1)PP裡的NP都是agent的goal 但stood on the stage又好像不能這樣說因為goal 是 entity to which something moves... 如果是用動詞語意上的差別來講那是否有專門的用語或理論來套用呢? 其實我有跑去問一位native speaker 是學校的美國文學老師但當時她笑笑的指著Norton Anthology的Walt Whitman生平跟我說也許他在詩裡就會這麼寫唷~(指的是有星號的那幾個句子 = =) 不過我當時翻詩裡的一個句子拿來當例子是 PP, PP, PP... journeys a coffin. 還原的話就會是A coffin journeys PP, PP, PP... 而這裡的journey也跟stand和come一樣有移動的動作而最後老師還是很浪漫的笑著跟我說這樣的句子在詩裡面都是有可能的~ 老師~這是語言學啊~~~~囧rz... by the way 當我念題目給她聽時 On the stage sang a lot of people 她有覺得不對但 To the village preached three missionaries 卻沒有覺得不對是說其實這句不該打"*" 而是該打個"?"嗎?? 最後再問一題>"< 也是政大的夕陽西下斷腸人在天涯 The two lines constitute a sentence. Please draw the syntactic tree of the sentence. 看完先昏...囧煩請各位大大解答啊~~ -- ※ 發信站: 批踢踢實業坊(ptt.cc) ◆ From: 115.43.163.18