[英中] Carbon flows 英翻中
各位前輩們大家好,在下非外文系,且英文程度不好,
斗膽嘗試翻譯了一篇文章,請大家過目,謝謝。
翻得很爛,可是已經是在下的極限了,請多多包涵>"<
(上色的部份是覺得有問題的地方)
文章來源:http://www.economist.com/node/18618451
Carbon flows 碳流通
The emissions omitted 被忽略的排放
The usual figures ignore the role of trade in the world’s carbon economy
尋常算法輕忽國際貿易在全球碳經濟中所扮演的角色
Apr 28th 2011 | from the print edition
WHICH do you value: production or consumption?
你重視下列何者?生產還是消費?
The preference has long defined economic questions ranging from tax policies
to development.
長久以來, 這個優先次序就清晰地描繪了有關從徵稅政策到經濟發展方面的經濟問題。
Now it matters in national carbon accounting too.
如今這對於國家的二氧化碳計算也是很重要的。
If you look at production, you count the carbon that comes from a territory’
s smokestacks, exhaust pipes and forest fires.
如果你著重的是生產,你會計算來自於某地的煙囪、廢氣管及森林大火的排碳量。
With consumption you tot up the carbon emitted when providing the goods and
services bought there.
若著眼於消費,你所計算的總碳量,來自於當提供那些你買入的商品和服務時所
排放出來的。
Looked at that way, international trade is a carbon-dioxide pipeline moving
responsibility for its effects on the climate from place to place.
由此觀之,身為運送二氧化碳至世界各地的管道,國際貿易要為氣候變遷負起責任。
Just over a quarter of all industrially emitted carbon moves about in this
way, up from a fifth in 1990.
在1990年,只有五分之一的總體工業排碳藉由這樣的方式移動,而如今上升至正好超過了
四分之一。
The net flow is from the developing to the developed world. So in terms of
consumption the rich countries are still the world’s biggest emitters (see
chart).
淨流通量的產生源於已開發國家的成長發展,因此依據富裕國的消費狀況,他們仍然是世
界最主要的排放國(見圖表)。
New research shows that the flow’s volume is rapidly increasing.
而最新的研究顯示此流量正在急速上升當中。
Glen Peters at the Centre for International Climate and Environmental
Research, Oslo, with colleagues elsewhere, has looked at the carbon content
of international trade since 1990—the benchmark year for measuring emissions
under the UN’s Kyoto protocol.
自1990年起來自挪威奧斯陸國際氣候與環境研究中心的Glen Peters,和他在其他地區的
同事一直在觀察國際貿易中的碳含量,並以該年為基準,依照聯合國京都議定書的標準
來測量碳排放量。
The annual growth of CO2 emissions from exported products was 4.3%—faster
than GDP or carbon emissions in general, slower than world trade.
從出口品所產生的CO2排放數每年成長量為4.3%,大致上來說,成長速度快於GDP和排碳量
,且慢於國際貿易成長。
But it was 17% for trade between developed countries (those expected to meet
the Kyoto emissions cuts) and the rest of the world, rising from 400m tonnes
in 1990 to 1.6 billion in 2008.
但其中有17%是來自於已開發國家(那些國家原預期會符合京都議定書有關碳排放的減量)
與世界其它國家之間的貿易,從1990年的4億噸成長至2008年的16億噸。
On a production basis, many of the rich countries (but not America, which has
not ratified Kyoto) have cut their emissions—by 6% in 1990-2008 in the case
of the European Union.
以生產量為基準,許多富裕國家(不包含未簽署京都議定書的美國)已減少了碳排放量 -
以歐盟來說,1990到2008年間降低了6%。
But the EU’s imports of embodied carbon from developing countries rose a lot
more than its local emissions fell.
但是歐盟從開發中國家所進口的實質碳排放量,其所增加的量比當地碳排放所減少的量大
很多。
Overall, the rich world’s increase in “carbon imports” is six times bigger
than cuts in the developed countries’ own industrial emissions.
整體來說,富裕國家碳排放進口所增加的數量,是已開發國家自身產業所減少的排放量六
倍。
The lion’s share of this carbon comes, predictably enough, from China; 18%
of the global increase in emissions since 1990 is embodied in Chinese exports.
充份地預測指出絕大部分的碳來自於中國。自1990以來,不斷升高的全球碳排放量中,有
18%確定來自於中國的出口。
Mr Peters and his colleagues see no evidence so far that carbon-control
policies, weak as they are, are shifting production to less regulated
countries.
→看不出來weak as they are 是在指誰?
1.到目前為止彼得斯和他的同事們他們顯得力不從心,因為找不到有關於控制排碳政策導
致生產轉移到法規較少的國家之證明。
2.到目前為止,Peters和他的同事們都看不到有任何證據足以顯示,碳排放控制的政策 –
現今是很軟弱的 - 要把生產工業轉移到較沒有法規的國家。
Carbon follows trade patterns set by other factors; it does not shape them.
1.國際貿易模式的產生是由其他因素造成,而非由碳的流向來決定。
2.碳排放是跟隨著貿易模式,而這些貿易模式是根據許多的因素設定的,碳排放
並未規範貿易模式。
Sterner carbon restrictions, though, might provoke rich-world industrialists
to press for tariffs on carbon-intensive imports with which they cannot
compete.
1.然而訂定更嚴格的排碳限制有可能會激發富裕國家的企業家們傾向對碳密集輸入國施
予關稅壓力,以避免失去競爭力。
2.然而,訂定更嚴格的碳排放限制有可能會激發富裕國家的企業家們對碳排放密集的輸
入品強加費用,但這將會使他們失去競爭力。
A more fruitful approach might be to see the trend in terms of the need for
greener investment outside the rich world.
→完全看不懂
1.因此更有效的方法應是以綠能需求的角度來觀察富裕國家境外投資的趨勢。
2.因此更有效的方法應是,以綠能投資需求的角度來觀察在富裕國家以外地區的的趨勢。
Spreading low-carbon technologies there matters as much or more than
decarbonising developed countries.
減碳技術的普及遠比在已開發國家除碳重要許多。
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