[英中] While N.S.A. Leaker Stays in Hiding...

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有些地方不太確定文意，獻醜了~ 原文： http://www.nytimes.com/2013/06/29/world/europe/while-nsa-leaker-stays -in-hiding-russian-tv-builds-a-pedestal-for-him.html?hp&_r=0 While N.S.A. Leaker Stays in Hiding, Russian TV Builds a Pedestal for Him By ELLEN BARRY 當美國國家安全局的洩密人還在躲藏的時候，俄羅斯的電視台已經開始頌揚他。 Published: June 28, 2013 MOSCOW — While Edward J. Snowden has remained mysteriously hidden from sight during his visit to Russia this week, Russian television has been making him a hero. 莫斯科 —當愛德華史諾登這星期在俄羅斯持續神隱的時候，電視台已將他視為英雄。 On programs that were hastily arranged and broadcast on the two largest federal channels, he was compared to the dissident Andrei Sakharov, to Julius and Ethel Rosenberg, and to Max Otto von Stirlitz, a dashing fictional double agent from Soviet television. He was described as “the man who declared war on Big Brother and got stuck in the transit zone,” and as “a soldier in the information war, who fights, of course, on the side of Russia, or maybe the side of China.” 在一個倉促在兩個最熱門的聯邦頻道上檔的電視節目上，他被拿來與異議者安德烈·沙哈諾夫，羅森堡夫婦，還有瀟灑的虛構前蘇聯秘密特工馬克思·斯季爾利茨相提並論。節目這樣描述史諾登：「跟老大哥宣戰然後被困在轉機區的人」，「為資料保護而戰的戰士，而且是站在俄羅斯或是中國這一邊」。 For as long as he remains here, one program’s host said, “the pulse of world history is beating here in Moscow.” 一個節目主持人說：「世界歷史的脈動會持續震憾著莫斯科」，只要史諾登還留在這裡。 Since Mr. Snowden landed in Moscow on Sunday, the likelihood that he will remain in Russia has steadily crept up. 從史諾登在周日降落在莫斯科時起，他留在俄羅斯的可能性就節節上升。 Though President Vladimir V. Putin said this week that “the sooner he chooses his final destination, the better for us and for him,” Mr. Snowden shows no sign of leaving. 雖然本周俄羅斯總統普丁說「他最好趕快決定他的最終目的地，這樣不管是對他還是對我們都好。」，史諾登看起來還是沒有離開的打算。 The chance that Russia will turn him in has all but vanished, as evidenced by Thursday’s television programs, which were almost certainly produced under Kremlin orders and have a powerful effect on public opinion. Officials here have signaled an openness to granting him political asylum, and each passing day would seem to narrow Mr. Snowden’s options, giving the United States time to negotiate with Ecuador and Venezuela, other countries that may grant him asylum. 從週四的節目上來看，俄羅斯不可能將他送回美國，這應該百分之百是從克里姆林宮下達的命令為輿論產生了強大的影響力。雖說官員曾公開有給他政治庇護的空間，但隨著時間一天一天過去，美國政府持續與厄瓜多或委內瑞拉這些可能會給予史諾登庇護的國家交涉，史諾登的選擇也愈來愈少。 “I think the main thing for him right now is to guarantee his security,” said Igor Korotchenko, a former specialist in Russia’s top military command who now edits the magazine National Defense. “Already he cannot live his former life. The United States of America will look for him all over the world in order to punish him as an example to potential traitors and so that the political elite in Washington will be satisfied. They want his blood.” 「我想目前對他來說，最重要的是要保障他的安全。」前俄羅斯頂級軍事專家，現為《國家防禦》雜誌的主編伊格·科洛謙科這樣說。「他已經不可能回到從前的生活。美國政府為了殺雞儆猴，一定會千里迢迢找到他並給予嚴懲，這樣華府才會滿意。他們渴望史諾登的鮮血。」 “Whose protection does he want: Ecuador, Venezuela or Russia? It is hard to judge right now,” Mr. Korotchenko said. He added, “In Russia, he will find a country capable of guaranteeing his security because I think in Latin America the United States would find much opportunity to solve the problem, so to say.” 科洛謙科說：「他想要哪個國家的庇護？厄瓜多？委內瑞拉？還是俄羅斯？目前很難決定。」他並補充：「他在俄羅斯會找到能保證他安全的國家，因為我想拉丁美洲會找到解決問題的方法。」 So far, there is no consensus among Russian elites on whether Russia should grant Mr. Snowden asylum, a step that would advertise the country, cold-war-style, as a haven for Western dissidents. Russia’s upper house of Parliament has invited him to testify about the impact of spying by the National Security Agency on Russian citizens, and about the activities of giant Internet companies that may have shared information with the agency. 到目前為止，俄羅斯高層對於是否要以庇護史諾登的方式，作為「冷戰式」宣傳俄羅斯為歐美異議者的天堂，還沒達到共識。俄羅斯上議院已經邀請他去為美國國家安全局的對俄羅斯公民的情搜，和跨國網際網路公司是否與政府合作分享資訊做出說明。 Though Mr. Putin has made it a central goal to challenge American dominance in world affairs, the potential cost of granting Mr. Snowden asylum has come into sharper focus over the past few days. Russia will host President Obama in September, and would be stung if the visit were called off. Powerful figures like Igor I. Sechin, who as chairman of Rosneft has struck a series of bold deals with Western oil companies, may also be worried about the potential repercussions. Mr. Putin and many of those around him are former intelligence officers, and they may see Mr. Snowden as a traitor, and an unpredictable player. 雖然普丁的最終目標是要挑展美國在世界事務的霸主之位，可是庇護史諾登的後果已經在過去這幾天突然浮出檯面。如果歐巴馬預定九月的訪問俄羅斯的事被取消了，俄羅斯將會付出慘痛代價。俄羅斯的權貴們，例如俄羅斯石油公司總裁伊格·謝欽這個已經與歐美石油公司達成了一些大膽的交易的，也相當擔心庇護史諾登會造成不好的影響。普丁跟他身邊這些曾經在情報單位待過的人可能會把史諾登視做叛徒或是反覆無常的玩家。 Igor M. Bunin, the director of the Center for Political Technologies in Moscow, said that by far the best solution for Moscow would be to send Mr. Snowden to another country, “to Ecuador, Venezuela, to Cuba, wherever.” 莫斯科政治技術中心所長布寧說，很顯然地對莫斯科來說最好的結果就是把史諾登送到別的國家去，「厄瓜多、委內瑞拉、還是古巴都好。」。 “Snowden is like a hot meat pie in your hands: even if you want to eat it very much, it’s very hot and maybe it’s better to throw it on the floor,” Mr. Bunin said. “To make a deal with America to turn Snowden over would be a slap in the face of public opinion because he is already a hero in Russia and part of the West. On the other hand, not turning him over destroys your relationship with America.” 「史諾登就像塊燙手的肉派，即使你很想吃他，可是他燙到可能你最好把他丟在地上。」布寧說。「跟美國商量把史諾登送回去無疑是給輿論打了一巴掌，因為他對俄羅斯與部份西方國家來說已經是個英雄。可另一方面來說，不把他送回去又會打壞跟美國的關係。」 Unlike Ecuador and Venezuela, Russia has avoided staking out a position on political asylum for Mr. Snowden, and in his remarks at a news conference on Tuesday, Mr. Putin said he hoped not to become personally involved. 俄羅斯拒絕像厄瓜多和委內瑞拉一樣對於給予史諾登政治庇護與否表明立場；在本週二的新聞會議上，普丁也表明他希望他個人不要被捲入這起事件。 But on Wednesday the Kremlin apparently decided to hastily arrange two hourlong talk shows devoted to the case. Each focused less on Mr. Snowden himself than on the flaws of the United States and the threat posed by its intelligence apparatus. Aleksandr I. Shumilin, a political analyst who was invited to appear, said he had turned down the request, sensing that the result would be a “mighty propagandistic blow: not a shot from a pistol, but a shot from a cannon.” 但是在本週三克里姆林宮似乎倉促決定安排兩場長達一小時的談話節目來表達其立場。他們並不把重點放在史諾登身上，而是著重在美國的破綻與其情報機構所構成的威脅。被邀請到場的政治分析家亞列格桑大·舒米林拒絕這個要求，因為他覺得這最後會變成「有力的宣傳打擊：不是像從鏡頭來的閃光，而是從大砲來的砲擊」。 (最後一句不是很確定，請網友幫忙指正) One program featured a panel of legendary counterintelligence agents, including a man famous for meeting with Lee Harvey Oswald a few months before the assassination of President John F. Kennedy. Their discussion often turned to the subject of American spying on Russia. Mr. Korotchenko, one of the guests, made the case that most of the major American consulting firms in Moscow were actually “structural units of American intelligence,” including the National Security Agency. 有一個主導反情蒐的小組，其中包括一個在甘迺迪總統遇刺之前的幾個月遇到李·哈維· 奧斯華的名人。他們的討論焦點常常會轉移到美國對俄羅斯的情搜。其中一位來賓科羅宣科證實在莫斯科的大部份美國分公司事實上都是屬於「美國情報單位的一部份」，包括美國國家安全局。 (第一句不是很確定，請網友幫忙指正) “The N.S.A. is a global electronic vacuum cleaner, which monitors everything, ” he said “Look at the top two floors of the new building of the U.S. Embassy — it’s a huge antenna, which listens to the Moscow air.” 「美國國家安全局就像一台可以吸取世界上所有東西的吸塵器。」，他這麼說；「看看美國大使館新蓋的大樓最高的那兩層，那是個超大型天線，可以接收莫斯科的一切消息。」 Similar themes were sounded a few hours later on Channel 1, when the pro-Kremlin analyst Vyacheslav A. Nikonov warned that the United States, through its dominance over the Internet, could “strongly undermine the security of other states.” 幾個小時之後，第一頻道接續著類似的主題，親克里姆林宮的分析家亞薛斯拉夫·尼口諾夫緊告美國可能以其在網際網路上的主導地位「強烈損害其他國家的安全」。 “The Internet is an invention of the U.S. Ministry of Defense,” Mr. Nikonov said. “Where is the Internet? Physically, it is in the United States. What is the Internet? It’s an American nongovernmental organization which is, of course, connected with the intelligence services of the United States.” 「網際網路可是美國國防部發明的。」尼可諾夫接著說，「網際網路在哪？他的實體就在美國。網際網路又是什麼？他本來是個美國非政府組織，當然跟美國情報系統相連。」 Many speakers argued that Mr. Snowden’s case should neutralize, once and for all, Western criticism of Mr. Putin’s domestic policies. Convincing Russian citizens of this point is especially crucial now, when Russian courts have brought serious charges against several dozen Russians who led or took part in a wave of antigovernment protests. 很多來賓爭論著史諾登事件是否會從此中和歐美對普丁國內政策的批評。尤其這個節骨眼法院嚴重指控數十名俄羅斯人牽線或參與反政府抗議浪潮，說服俄羅斯國民這一點尤為重要。 Aleksandr Prokhanov, a nationalist ideologue who has emerged as a leader in conservative thought, called Mr. Snowden “a soldier of the information war,” stripping the United States of its right to criticize other countries. 理論主義思想家亞列山大普羅哈諾夫以身為保守思想的領導者稱史諾登為「為資料保護而戰的戰士」，以此剝奪美國批評其他國家的權利。 “For Americans, human rights is a powerful tool for influencing other countries,” Mr. Prokhanov said. “A country ‘violates human rights,’ and its president becomes a devil incarnate, the society destabilizes, the human rights issue is followed by attack planes, and the country is wiped out from the face of the earth.” 「對美國來說，人權是個用來影響別的國家的強大工具。」普羅哈諾夫說，「一個「侵犯人權」國家的總統是魔鬼的化身，社會會因此不穩定，然後跟著人權問題到來的會是美國的戰鬥機，最後這各國家會從地球表面消失。」 Others speakers, like Veronika Krasheninnikova, urged Russians to rally around Mr. Snowden, noting the 60th anniversary this month of the execution of Ethel and Julius Rosenberg, who were convicted of conspiracy to commit espionage. 其他像維若尼卡.卡森尼尼可娃等來賓力勸俄羅斯援助史諾登，並且提醒這個月是羅森堡夫婦因被認定共謀犯間諜罪而被處死後的六十週年。 “I remind you that the death penalty still exists in the United States, so it ’s not something impossible,” Ms. Krasheninnikova said. “One has to remember it.” 「我必須提醒你，美國還沒廢除死刑，所以沒有什麼是不可能的。」卡森尼尼可娃說，「記住這一點。」。 Nikolai V. Zlobin, a political analyst and writer who often appears on Russian television to articulate an American perspective and was invited to appear on both shows, said he believed Russian leaders were weighing the cost and benefit of different outcomes to Mr. Snowden’s case. In the end, he said, they can secure a propaganda coup without the participation of Mr. Snowden himself, and without granting him political amnesty. 常常在俄羅斯電視節目上闡述美國觀點的政治分析家兼作家尼可來·斯洛賓也被邀請上這兩個談話節目去說明他相信俄羅斯政要們會針對史諾登的事權衡利弊。在節目最後他說，他們就算沒有史諾登參與或是不給他政治庇護也能鞏固這個贏面。 “What happens now doesn’t matter because public opinion in Russia has already been shaped. America is lying, dishonest, and has double standards,” Mr. Zlobin said. “It’s a Christmas gift. They are trying to find the most deft way to use it, but it is unexpected, and they don’t know how to handle it.” 「現在不管再發生什麼事都無所謂，因為俄羅斯的輿論已經定型了。美國政府說謊，不誠實，還有雙重標準。」斯洛賓說。「這是個耶誕禮物，他們在用最靈巧的方式去使用它，不過他們不知道怎麼去駕馭這個意想不到的禮物。」。 -- ※ 發信站: 批踢踢實業坊(ptt.cc) ◆ From: 86.200.129.46